Advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering across the past few decades have enabled the successful production of many novel chemicals. However, bioproduction of such chemicals is often limited by low yield and titer due to disrupted metabolic homeostasis. Finely tuning cellular metabolism to restore robust metabolic functions entails various genetic modifications, which is often not practical. Alternatively, artificial mediators capable of tailoring microbial metabolisms open a new avenue for restoring physiological functions. In this context, nanoparticle-based artificial mediators have been pursued to tune cellular metabolisms. They can not only enhance production of molecules from endogenous metabolism, but also expand bioproducts spectrum. Here, we reviewed recent advances toward the employment of nano-based artificial mediators for the tuning of cellular metabolism, with a focus on their positive effects on electron transfer and pathway flux. Perspectives for potential applications of artificial mediators for mediating microbial metabolisms in the future were also provided.

中文翻译：

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纳米微：通过基于纳米的人工介体调节微生物的代谢，以增强和扩大生化试剂的生产。

在过去的几十年中，合成生物学和代谢工程学的进步使许多新型化学药品得以成功生产。但是，由于破坏的代谢稳态，这种化学药品的生物生产通常受到产量低和效价低的限制。微调细胞代谢以恢复强大的代谢功能需要进行各种遗传修饰，这通常是不切实际的。另外，能够调节微生物代谢的人工介体为恢复生理功能开辟了一条新途径。在这种情况下，已经寻求基于纳米颗粒的人工介体来调节细胞代谢。它们不仅可以增强内源性代谢产生的分子，还可以扩大生物产品的范围。这里，我们回顾了最近在利用纳米人工介体调节细胞代谢方面的最新进展，重点是它们对电子转移和途径通量的积极影响。还提供了未来人工介体在微生物代谢中潜在应用的前景。