Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are small cell-derived compartments, take part in numerous different physiological processes. The contents of EVs reveal the cell of origin and indicates pathophysiological states in different diseases. In pregnancy disorders, changes have been reported in the composition, bioactivity and concentration of placental and non-placental EVs. The purpose of this study was to monitor the effects on EVs in patients receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or placebo (albumin) treatment due to recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). In a placebo-controlled trial study of IVIG treatment, plasma collected from 39 women with RPL were investigated using the Extracellular Vesicle Array (EV Array). Plasma was sampled consecutively (from gestational week (GW) 5) and the protein phenotypes of the smaller EVs (sEVs) were analyzed for the presence of 34 markers. The levels of sEVs or changes in their levels in early pregnancy were correlated with treatment. There was statistically significant increased levels of sEVs in patients who received IVIG versus placebo. In conclusion, the treatment with high-doses of IVIG clearly boosted the production and release of sEVs to the circulation; however, the biological role of this boost remains to be clarified in further studies.

中文翻译：

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静脉注射免疫球蛋白治疗会增加复发性流产孕妇血浆中小 EV 的水平。

细胞外囊泡 (EV) 是小细胞衍生的隔室，参与许多不同的生理过程。EVs 的含量揭示了细胞的起源并指示了不同疾病的病理生理状态。在妊娠疾病中，据报道胎盘和非胎盘 EV 的组成、生物活性和浓度发生了变化。本研究的目的是监测因复发性流产 (RPL) 而接受静脉注射免疫球蛋白 (IVIG) 或安慰剂（白蛋白）治疗的患者对 EV 的影响。在 IVIG 治疗的安慰剂对照试验研究中，使用细胞外囊泡阵列 (EV Array) 研究了从 39 名患有 RPL 的女性收集的血浆。血浆连续采样（从妊娠周（GW）5），并分析较小 EV（sEV）的蛋白质表型是否存在 34 个标记。sEVs 的水平或其在妊娠早期的水平变化与治疗相关。与安慰剂相比，接受 IVIG 的患者的 sEV 水平在统计学上显着增加。总之，高剂量IVIG治疗明显促进了sEVs的产生和释放到循环中；然而，这种增强的生物学作用仍有待进一步研究澄清。高剂量 IVIG 治疗明显促进了 sEV 的产生和释放到循环中；然而，这种增强的生物学作用仍有待进一步研究澄清。高剂量 IVIG 治疗明显促进了 sEV 的产生和释放到循环中；然而，这种增强的生物学作用仍有待进一步研究澄清。