Autophagosome biogenesis involves de novo formation of a membrane that elongates to sequester cytoplasmic cargo and closes to form a double-membrane vesicle (an autophagosome). This process has remained enigmatic since its initial discovery >50 yr ago, but our understanding of the mechanisms involved in autophagosome biogenesis has increased substantially during the last 20 yr. Several key questions do remain open, however, including, What determines the site of autophagosome nucleation? What is the origin and lipid composition of the autophagosome membrane? How is cargo sequestration regulated under nonselective and selective types of autophagy? This review provides key insight into the core molecular mechanisms underlying autophagosome biogenesis, with a specific emphasis on membrane modeling events, and highlights recent conceptual advances in the field.

中文翻译：

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自噬体生物发生：从膜生长到闭合

自噬体生物发生涉及膜的从头形成，该膜伸长以隔离细胞质货物并闭合形成双膜囊泡（自噬体）。自 50 年前首次发现以来，这个过程一直是个谜，但在过去 20 年里，我们对自噬体生物发生机制的了解有了显着提高。然而，几个关键问题仍然悬而未决，包括：什么决定了自噬体成核的位点？自噬体膜的起源和脂质成分是什么？在非选择性和选择性自噬类型下如何调节货物封存？这篇综述提供了对自噬体生物发生的核心分子机制的关键见解，特别强调膜建模事件，并强调了该领域的最新概念进展。