The ready-to-eat products can be contaminated during processing by pathogen or spoilage bacteria, which persist in the industrial environment. Some bacterial species are able to form biofilms which protect them from environmental conditions. To check the bacterial contamination of the surfaces in the food industries, the professionals must regularly use surface sampling methods to detect the pathogen such as Listeria monocytogenes or the spoilage such as Pseudomonas fluorescens. In 2010, we designed and carried out a European survey to collect surface sampling information to detect or enumerate L. monocytogenes in food processing plants. A total of 137 questionnaires from 14 European Union Member States were returned. The outcome of this survey showed that the professionals preferred friction sampling methods with gauze pad, swab and sponges versus contact sampling methods. After this survey, we compared the effectiveness of these three friction sampling methods and the contact plates, as recommended in the standard EN ISO 18593 that was revised in 2018, on the recovery of L. monocytogenes and of P. fluorescens in mono-specie biofilms. This study showed no significant difference between the effectiveness of the four sampling methods to detach the viable and culturable bacterial population of theses mono-specie biofilms.

中文翻译：

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欧洲标准EN ISO 18593推荐的抽样方法的欧洲调查和评估，用于检测工业表面上的单核细胞增生李斯特菌和荧光假单胞菌。

即食产品在加工过程中可能会被病原菌或腐败细菌污染，这些细菌会在工业环境中持续存在。一些细菌能够形成生物膜，从而保护它们免受环境条件的影响。为了检查食品工业表面的细菌污染，专业人员必须定期使用表面采样方法来检测病原体，例如单核细胞增生性李斯特菌，或腐败菌，例如荧光假单胞菌。2010年，我们设计并进行了一项欧洲调查，以收集表面采样信息，以检测或枚举食品加工厂中的单核细胞增生李斯特菌。总共返回了来自14个欧盟成员国的137个问卷。这项调查的结果表明，专业人士偏爱使用纱布垫的摩擦采样方法，拭子和海绵与接触采样方法的比较。经过这项调查后，我们比较了这三种摩擦采样方法和接触板（如2018年修订的标准EN ISO 18593所建议）对单物种生物膜中单核细胞增生李斯特菌和荧光假单胞菌的回收率的有效性。 。这项研究表明，四种取样方法分离这些单物种生物膜的存活和可培养细菌种群的有效性之间没有显着差异。