While the anatomy and physiology of human reproduction differ between the sexes, the effects of hormones on skeletal growth do not. Human bone growth depends on estrogen. Greater estrogen produced by ovaries causes bones in female bodies to fuse before males' resulting in sex differences in adult height and mass. Female pelves expand more than males' due to estrogen and relaxin produced and employed by the tissues of the pelvic region and potentially also due to greater internal space occupied by female gonads and genitals. Evolutionary explanations for skeletal sex differences (aka sexual dimorphism) that focus too narrowly on big competitive men and broad birthing women must account for the adaptive biology of skeletal growth and its dependence on the developmental physiology of reproduction. In this case, dichotomizing evolution into proximate‐ultimate categories may be impeding the progress of human evolutionary science, as well as enabling the popular misunderstanding and abuse of it.

中文翻译：

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扩展了人类骨骼中性别差异的进化解释。

尽管两性之间人类生殖的解剖学和生理学有所不同，但是激素对骨骼生长的影响却没有。人的骨骼生长取决于雌激素。卵巢产生的更大的雌激素会导致女性体内的骨骼在男性之前融合，从而导致成年人身高和体重的性别差异。由于骨盆区域组织产生和利用的雌激素和松弛素，雌性骨盆比雄性骨盆膨胀得更多，而且还可能是由于雌性腺和生殖器占据的内部空间更大。对骨骼性别差异（又称性别二态性）的进化解释过于狭on地集中在有竞争能力的男性和生育广泛的女性上，必须解释骨骼生长的适应性生物学及其对生殖发育生理的依赖性。在这种情况下，