Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is typically assessed using either single-item questionnaires or checklists of common behaviors, but preliminary research suggests that checklists produce higher lifetime prevalence rates. In 2 preregistered studies (combined n = 1,364), we tested whether memory cueing afforded by behavioral checklists accounts for this discrepancy. Participants reported their lifetime NSSI history using both a single-item and a checklist, with presentation order randomized across participants. Nearly a third of participants reported inconsistent NSSI histories on the 2 assessments, with participants 1.57 times more likely to report an NSSI history on a checklist than on a single-item. Counter to the memory account, this discrepancy was evident even when participants completed the checklist first, suggesting that the increased prevalence estimates captured by checklists are unlikely to simply reflect memory facilitation. Across the 2 samples, 12.5% of participants would have been incorrectly screened out in 2-step assessments; these participants were more likely to have engaged in NSSI historically, less likely to self-injure by cutting, and (in Study 2 only) were more likely to be men. These studies suggest that the inconsistencies across 2 of the most common NSSI assessments arise because people dissimilar to the lay conceptualization of self-injury are less likely to endorse a single-item, even when they have affirmed engaging in self-injury behaviors on a checklist. We argue that single-item and checklist assessments capture different aspects of NSSI, such that future research should distinguish between behaviorally identified NSSI assessed with behavioral checklists and self-identified NSSI assessed with single-item assessments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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开放解释？在两项常见评估中，一生的非自杀性自残报告不一致。

非自杀性自残（NSSI）通常使用单项调查表或常见行为清单进行评估，但初步研究表明，清单产生的终生患病率更高。在2个预先注册的研究中（合并n = 1,364），我们测试了行为清单提供的记忆提示是否解决了这一差异。参加者使用单项和清单报告了他们一生的NSSI历史记录，演示顺序在参加者之间随机分配。将近三分之一的参与者在两次评估中报告的NSSI历史记录不一致，参与者在清单上报告NSSI历史的可能性是单个项目的1.57倍。与记忆帐户相反，即使参与者首先完成了清单，这种差异仍然很明显，这表明清单增加的患病率估计值不太可能仅仅反映记忆的促进作用。在这两个样本中，将在两步评估中错误地筛选出12.5％的参与者；从历史上看，这些参与者更有可能从事NSSI，通过切割而自残的可能性也较小，并且（仅在研究2中）男性为男性。这些研究表明，在2种最常见的NSSI评估中出现不一致之处的原因是，与异于自我伤害概念的人不同，即使他们肯定在检查清单上进行了自我伤害行为，他们也不太可能赞同单个项目。 。我们认为单项和清单评估涵盖了NSSI的不同方面，因此，未来的研究应该区分使用行为清单评估的行为识别的NSSI和使用单项评估评估的自我识别的NSSI。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。