People see themselves as better than average in many domains, from leadership skills to driving ability. However, many people-especially older adults-struggle to remember others' names, and many of us are aware of this struggle. Our beliefs about our memory for names may be different from other information; perhaps forgetting names is particularly salient. We asked younger and older adults to rate themselves compared with others their age on several socially desirable traits (e.g., honesty); their overall memory ability; and their specific ability to remember scientific terms, locations, and people's names. Participants demonstrated a better-than-average (BTA) effect in their ratings of most items except their ability to remember names, which both groups rated as approximately the same as others their age. Older adults' ratings of this ability were related to a measure of the social consequences of forgetting another's name, but younger adults' ratings were not. The BTA effect is present in many judgments for both younger and older adults, but people may be more attuned to memory failures when those failures involve social consequences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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记住专有名词作为对年轻人和老年人的优于平均水平的效果的潜在例外。

人们认为自己在许多领域都优于平均水平，从领导技能到驾驶能力。然而，许多人——尤其是老年人——努力记住别人的名字，我们中的许多人都知道这种斗争。我们对名字记忆的看法可能与其他信息不同；也许忘记名字特别突出。我们要求年轻人和老年人在几个社会所需的特征（例如，诚实）方面将自己与其他同龄人进行比较；他们的整体记忆能力；以及他们记住科学术语、地点和人名的特殊能力。参与者在大多数项目的评分中表现出优于平均水平 (BTA) 的效果，除了他们记住名字的能力，这两个组的评分与同龄人大致相同。老年人的 这种能力的评分与忘记他人姓名的社会后果的衡量有关，但年轻人的评分则不然。BTA 效应在年轻人和老年人的许多判断中都存在，但当这些失败涉及社会后果时，人们可能更倾向于记忆失败。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。