Critical consciousness refers to an individual's awareness of oppressive systemic forces in society, a sense of efficacy to work against oppression, and engagement in individual or collective action against oppression. In the past few decades, interest in critical consciousness as a resource that may promote thriving in marginalized people has grown tremendously. This article critically examines the results of a systematic review of 67 studies of critical consciousness in children and adolescents, published between 1998 and 2019. Across these studies, major themes included the role of socialization experiences, relationships, and context in the development of critical consciousness. In addition, critical consciousness was associated with a number of adaptive developmental outcomes, including career-related, civic, social-emotional, and academic outcomes-especially for marginalized youth. However, our analysis highlights several critical gaps in the literature. We highlight the need for further delineation of the impacts of parent and peer socialization on critical consciousness in specific developmental periods and for studying critical consciousness at multiple levels of the ecological system. We further note the dearth of rigorous experimental or quasi-experimental studies in the area of interventions to promote critical consciousness. In addition, we note that developmental questions-questions about the nature and function of critical consciousness over time-are largely unanswered in the literature, including questions about how critical consciousness manifests and develops during childhood. Leveraging the findings of our systematic review, we outline key next steps for this rapidly growing area of research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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儿童和青少年的批判意识：系统回顾、批判性评估和对未来研究的建议。

批判意识是指个人对社会压迫性系统性力量的认识、反对压迫的效能感以及参与反对压迫的个人或集体行动。在过去的几十年里，人们对批判意识作为一种可以促进边缘化人群繁荣的资源的兴趣急剧增长。本文批判性地审视了 1998 年至 2019 年间发表的 67 项儿童和青少年批判意识研究的系统回顾结果。在这些研究中，主要主题包括社会化经历、关系和背景在批判意识发展中的作用。此外，批判意识与许多适应性发展成果相关，包括职业相关、公民、社会情感和学术成果——尤其是对于边缘化青年而言。然而，我们的分析强调了文献中的几个关键差距。我们强调需要进一步描述父母和同伴社会化对特定发展时期批判意识的影响，并研究生态系统多个层面的批判意识。我们进一步注意到在促进批判意识的干预领域缺乏严格的实验或准实验研究。此外，我们注意到，发展问题——关于批判意识随时间的性质和功能的问题——在文献中基本上没有得到解答，包括关于批判意识在童年时期如何表现和发展的问题。利用我们系统评价的结果，我们概述了这一快速发展的研究领域的关键后续步骤。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。