PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE Members of minority groups may face stress as they navigate between their native culture and the dominant culture. No measure exists for evaluating acculturative stress among deaf individuals in the United States. The current study examined the psychometric properties of a modified version of the 24-item Social Attitudinal Familial and Environmental Acculturative Stress Scale (SAFE; Mena, Padilla, & Maldonado, 1987) for use with deaf undergraduate students (SAFE-D). Research Method/Design: 145 (88 females and 57 males), deaf, undergraduate students (Median age = 20.0; SD age = 4.9) from a bilingual, multicultural university were included in the study. Seventy-four percent were White, 10.4% Hispanic/Latino, 9.7% Black/African American, 0.7% Asian, and 9% multiracial. The SAFE-D included 23 items. Ten items were modified, 2 items were deleted, and 1 item was added. RESULTS The SAFE-D demonstrated high internal reliability (α = .931). Four factors were identified: Perceived Societal Barriers, Social Difficulties, Family Marginalization, and Discrimination. Evidence for construct validity was demonstrated through the association of SAFE-D scores with Deaf and Hearing acculturation. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS Levels of acculturative stress in the current sample were close to those reported among late immigrant and English as a Second Language undergraduate students. The 4 factors did not match those of the original SAFE scale but reflected a bidirectional model of acculturative stress unique to deaf individuals. These findings suggest that acculturative stress is a serious concern among deaf undergraduate students and that the SAFE-D can be used to assess deaf acculturative stress in this population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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SAFE-D 的心理测量特性：测量聋人本科生的文化适应压力。

目的/目标 少数群体的成员在他们的本土文化和主流文化之间穿梭时可能会面临压力。不存在评估美国聋人文化压力的措施。目前的研究检查了修改版的 24 项社会态度家庭和环境适应压力量表 (SAFE; Mena, Padilla, & Maldonado, 1987) 的心理测量特性，用于聋人本科生 (SAFE-D)。研究方法/设计：本研究包括来自双语、多元文化大学的 145 名（88 名女性和 57 名男性）聋哑本科生（平均年龄 = 20.0；SD 年龄 = 4.9）。74% 是白人，10.4% 是西班牙裔/拉丁裔，9.7% 是黑人/非裔美国人，0.7% 是亚裔，9% 是多种族。SAFE-D 包括 23 个项目。修改了十项，删除了 2 个项目，并添加了 1 个项目。结果 SAFE-D 表现出很高的内部可靠性 (α = .931)。确定了四个因素：感知的社会障碍、社会困难、家庭边缘化和歧视。通过 SAFE-D 评分与聋人和听力文化适应的关联，证明了结构有效性的证据。结论/影响 当前样本中的文化适应压力水平与晚期移民和英语作为第二语言的本科生报告的水平接近。这 4 个因素与最初的 SAFE 量表不匹配，但反映了聋人特有的文化压力的双向模型。这些发现表明，文化适应压力是聋人本科生的一个严重问题，SAFE-D 可用于评估该人群的聋人文化适应压力。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。