Abstract Eye movement-based human-computer interactions are emerging in diverse scenarios. When selecting targets on a user interface, the method of combining fast gaze pointing with reliable manual action is becoming increasingly popular. However, this method suffers from noise in gaze pointing caused by eye jitters and users’ habitual early move-away of gaze before manual actions. Here we propose a novel solution to mitigate these problems by locking the gaze cursor at the target for imminent manual selection. We compared this gaze-lock cursor with a conventional gaze cursor in a typing task with varying key sizes and key gaps. Results show that typing performance was significantly better with larger key size and gap. More importantly, the gaze-lock cursor significantly increased speed and decreased errors when compared to a conventional gaze cursor. Our findings demonstrate that the gaze-lock cursor is a promising tool for gaze interactions involving frequent target selections. Practitioner summary: Target selection by gaze pointing and manual confirmation suffers from eye jitters and users’ habitual early move-away of gaze before manual actions. The performance of this method can be improved by applying the gaze-lock cursor we proposed, increasing target size or increasing the target gap. Abbreviations: WTC: warping to target center; ALCM: automatic lock of cursor movement; LCD: liquid crystal display; EWMA: exponential weighted moving average; ER: error rate; ET: execution time; ED: edit distance; CV: coefficients of variation; ANOVA: analysis of variance; GUIs: general user interfaces

中文翻译：

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通过凝视和手动确认选择目标：通过锁定凝视光标提高性能

摘要 基于眼动的人机交互正在出现在不同的场景中。在用户界面上选择目标时，将快速注视与可靠手动操作相结合的方法正变得越来越流行。然而，这种方法存在由眼睛抖动和用户习惯性地在手动操作之前提前移开视线引起的注视点噪声。在这里，我们提出了一种新颖的解决方案，通过将凝视光标锁定在目标上以进行即将进行的手动选择来缓解这些问题。我们将这种凝视锁定光标与具有不同键大小和键间隙的打字任务中的传统凝视光标进行了比较。结果表明，键大小和间隙越大，打字性能越好。更重要的是，与传统的凝视光标相比，凝视锁定光标显着提高了速度并减少了错误。我们的研究结果表明，凝视锁定光标是一种用于涉及频繁目标选择的凝视交互的有前途的工具。从业者总结：通过注视和手动确认来选择目标存在眼睛抖动和用户在手动操作之前习惯性地提前移开视线的问题。这种方法的性能可以通过应用我们提出的凝视锁定光标、增加目标大小或增加目标间隙来提高。缩写：WTC：翘曲到目标中心；ALCM：光标移动自动锁定；LCD：液晶显示；EWMA：指数加权移动平均线；ER：错误率；ET：执行时间；ED：编辑距离；CV：变异系数；ANOVA：方差分析；图形用户界面：