This study aims to measure entrance surface doses during routine chest and abdomen x-ray examinations of adult and child patients. Radiation dose measurements were performed using thermoluminescent dosimeters TLD-100s in three major public hospitals in northern Jordan on a total of 100 patients. Wide variations in entrance surface doses were observed within and between hospitals, which might be attributed to significant variations of the selected exposure parameters. For adult patients, the results have shown that the majority of entrance surface dose values from both chest and abdomen examinations were within recommended values of diagnostic reference levels. For child patients, the mean entrance surface dose from chest examinations in three age groups were 0.131 mGy (0-1 y), 0.136 mGy (1-5 y), and 0.191 mGy (5-10 y). These values were considered relatively high compared to the European reference levels and published results in the literature. However, for abdomen examinations, entrance surface dose values were relatively lower than European reference levels. Patient effective doses were estimated using a PCXMC 2.0 Monte Carlo program. The results for both adults and children were found to be relatively lower than the values reported by international publications. Due to the wide variations of entrance surface dose and the higher radiation doses delivered to child patients, this study recommends implementing a quality assurance program in such hospitals to achieve optimization between good image quality and minimum dose according to the as low as reasonably achievable principle. Moreover, the results of this work will provide a useful base for establishing local diagnostic reference levels for chest and abdomen examinations in Jordan.

中文翻译：

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使用TLD在北约旦的三所公立医院进行常规诊断性X射线检查期间对患者辐射剂量的评估。

这项研究旨在测量成人和儿童患者常规胸部和腹部X线检查期间的入口表面剂量。在约旦北部的三家主要公立医院中，使用热辐射剂量计TLD-100s进行了辐射剂量测量，总共有100名患者。在医院内和医院之间观察到入口表面剂量的广泛变化，这可能归因于所选暴露参数的显着变化。对于成年患者，结果表明，胸部和腹部检查的大部分入射表面剂量值均在诊断参考水平的建议值范围内。对于儿童患者，三个年龄组的胸部检查平均入口表面剂量为0.131 mGy（0-1 y），0.136 mGy（1-5 y）和0.191 mGy（5-10 y）。与欧洲参考水平和文献中公布的结果相比，这些值被认为相对较高。但是，对于腹部检查，入口表面剂量值相对低于欧洲参考水平。使用PCXMC 2.0蒙特卡洛程序估算患者的有效剂量。发现成人和儿童的结果都相对低于国际出版物报道的值。由于入射表面剂量的差异很大，并且传递给儿童患者的辐射剂量更高，因此，本研究建议在此类医院中实施质量保证计划，以根据合理可实现的最低原则实现良好图像质量和最小剂量之间的优化。此外，