Introduction

For several years now, medicine has been benefiting from the contribution of nanoparticles (NPs) technology for both diagnosis and therapy. They can be used as adjuvants, being capable per se of immune-modulating activity, or as carriers for molecules to be transported to a specific target, eventually loaded with specific ligands favoring specific uptake.

Areas covered

The review focuses on experimental use of NPs as adjuvants/carriers for allergen immunotherapy (AIT). Human clinical trials conducted so far are discussed.

Expert opinion

Results of experimental studies and recent clinical trials support the use of NPs as carrier/adjuvant in AIT. Comparisons between NP-based and classical AIT are needed, to show the usefulness of the NP-based approach. However, there are still unsolved problems: the persistence of non-degradable NPs with possible toxicological consequences, and the formation of the protein corona around the NPs, which could alter their activity and fate. Virus-like particles seem the most promising NPs for allergy treatment, as for other vaccines. Over the next decade, NP-based AIT will be largely used to treat allergic disorders.

中文翻译：

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基于纳米粒子的免疫疗法：最新技术和未来展望。

简介

几年来，医学一直受益于纳米颗粒 (NPs) 技术在诊断和治疗方面的贡献。它们可以用作佐剂，本身具有免疫调节活性，或作为分子的载体，将其运送到特定目标，最终装载有利于特定吸收的特定配体。

覆盖区域

该评论侧重于实验性使用 NP 作为过敏原免疫疗法 (AIT) 的佐剂/载体。讨论了迄今为止进行的人体临床试验。

专家意见

实验研究和最近的临床试验结果支持在 AIT 中使用 NPs 作为载体/佐剂。需要比较基于 NP 的 AIT 和经典的 AIT，以显示基于 NP 的方法的有用性。然而，仍然存在未解决的问题：不可降解的 NPs 的持久性可能会产生毒理学后果，以及在 NPs 周围形成蛋白质电晕，这可能会改变它们的活性和命运。与其他疫苗一样，病毒样颗粒似乎是最有希望用于过敏治疗的纳米颗粒。在接下来的十年中，基于 NP 的 AIT 将主要用于治疗过敏性疾病。