We hypothesized that blood heavy metal levels such as lead, cadmium, and mercury were associated with uric acid level and hyperuricemia, and that this association remains significant after adjustment for other metals. We tested this hypothesis using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using multiple linear regression, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated using logistic regression in the cross-sectional study design. Relative to women, men had a higher geometric mean (GM) of lead (1.95 vs. 1.50 μg/dL) and mercury (3.94 vs. 2.77 μg/L), a lower GM of cadmium (0.80 vs. 1.04 μg/L), and a higher arithmetic mean (AM) of uric acid (5.84 vs. 4.40 mg/dL). Women had significant positive associations of log uric acid level with doubling of lead and mercury, and negative association with cadmium. Logistic regression analysis indicated the inverse association of serum hyperuricemia with doubling of blood metals was only significant for cadmium in women (OR = 0.641, 95% CI = 0.463 to 0.886) and the associations of serum hyperuricemia in the highest versus lowest quartiles of heavy metals were only significant for cadmium in women (OR = 0.495, 95% CI = 0.246 to 0.998). For both genders, age and estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) had negative associations with uric acid, but hypertension and triglycerides had positive associations with uric acid. In conclusion, blood lead and mercury levels were positively associated with uric acid level, but blood cadmium level was inversely associated with uric acid level and hyperuricemia in women.

中文翻译：

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韩国普通人群中血液重金属与尿酸的关联：2016-2017 年韩国国家健康和营养检查调查的数据分析。

我们假设铅、镉和汞等血液重金属水平与尿酸水平和高尿酸血症相关，并且在调整其他金属后，这种相关性仍然显着。我们使用韩国国家健康和营养检查调查数据检验了这一假设。Beta 系数和 95% 置信区间 (95% CI) 使用多元线性回归计算，优势比 (OR) 和 95% CI 使用横断面研究设计中的逻辑回归计算。相对于女性，男性的铅（1.95 对 1.50 微克/升）和汞（3.94 对 2.77 微克/升）的几何平均值 (GM) 较高，镉的 GM 较低（0.80 对 1.04 微克/升）和更高的尿酸算术平均值 (AM)（5.84 与 4.40 毫克/分升）。女性的对数尿酸水平与铅和汞的倍增呈显着正相关，而与镉呈负相关。Logistic 回归分析表明，血清高尿酸血症与血液金属加倍的负相关仅对女性中的镉显着（OR = 0.641，95% CI = 0.463 至 0.886），以及血清高尿酸血症与重金属最高四分位数和最低四分位数之间的相关性仅对女性镉显着（OR = 0.495，95% CI = 0.246 至 0.998）。对于两种性别，年龄和估计的肾小球滤过率 (e-GFR) 与尿酸呈负相关，但高血压和甘油三酯与尿酸呈正相关。总之，血铅和汞水平与尿酸水平呈正相关，