Since the birth of biotechnology, hundreds of biotherapeutics have been developed and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for human use. These novel medicines not only bring significant benefit to patients but also represent precision tools to interrogate human disease biology. Accordingly, much has been learned from the successes and failures of hundreds of high-quality clinical trials. In this review, we discuss general and broadly applicable themes that have emerged from this collective experience. We base our discussion on insights gained from exploring some of the most important target classes, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-12/23, IL-17, IL-4/13, IL-5, immunoglobulin E (IgE), integrins and B cells. We also describe current challenges and speculate about how emerging technological capabilities may enable the discovery and development of the next generation of biotherapeutics.

中文翻译：

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30 年的生物治疗发展——我们学到了什么？

自生物技术诞生以来，美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 已开发并批准了数百种生物治疗剂供人类使用。这些新药不仅给患者带来了显着的好处，而且代表了研究人类疾病生物学的精确工具。因此，从数百个高质量临床试验的成功和失败中学到了很多东西。在这篇评论中，我们讨论了从这一集体经验中出现的一般和广泛适用的主题。我们的讨论基于从探索一些最重要的目标类别中获得的见解，包括白细胞介素 1 (IL-1)、肿瘤坏死因子 α (TNF-α)、IL-6、IL-12/23、IL-17 、IL-4/13、IL-5、免疫球蛋白 E (IgE)、整联蛋白和 B 细胞。