Neuroimmunology, albeit a relatively established discipline, has recently sparked numerous exciting findings on microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). This review addresses meningeal immunity, a less-studied aspect of neuroimmune interactions. The meninges, a triple layer of membranes-the pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater-surround the CNS, encompassing the cerebrospinal fluid produced by the choroid plexus epithelium. Unlike the adjacent brain parenchyma, the meninges contain a wide repertoire of immune cells. These constitute meningeal immunity, which is primarily concerned with immune surveillance of the CNS, and-according to recent evidence-also participates in postinjury CNS recovery, chronic neurodegenerative conditions, and even higher brain function. Meningeal immunity has recently come under the spotlight owing to the characterization of meningeal lymphatic vessels draining the CNS. Here, we review the current state of our understanding of meningeal immunity and its effects on healthy and diseased brains.

中文翻译：

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脑膜免疫及其在健康和疾病中维持中枢神经系统的功能。

神经免疫学虽然是一门相对成熟的学科，但最近在小胶质细胞（中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的常驻巨噬细胞）方面引发了许多令人兴奋的发现。这篇综述讨论了脑膜免疫，这是神经免疫相互作用的一个研究较少的方面。脑膜是三层膜——软脑膜、蛛网膜和硬脑膜——围绕中枢神经系统，包括脉络丛上皮产生的脑脊液。与相邻的脑实质不同，脑膜包含大量免疫细胞。这些构成脑膜免疫，主要与 CNS 的免疫监视有关，并且根据最近的证据，还参与伤后 CNS 恢复、慢性神经退行性疾病，甚至更高的脑功能。由于引流中枢神经系统的脑膜淋巴管的特征，脑膜免疫最近成为人们关注的焦点。在这里，我们回顾了我们对脑膜免疫及其对健康和患病大脑的影响的理解的现状。