The gastrointestinal tract harbors numerous commensal bacteria, referred to as the microbiota, that benefit host health by digesting dietary components and eliminating pathogens. The intestinal microbiota maintains epithelial barrier integrity and shapes the mucosal immune system, balancing host defense and oral tolerance with microbial metabolites, components, and attachment to host cells. To avoid aberrant immune responses, epithelial cells segregate the intestinal microbiota from immune cells by constructing chemical and physical barriers, leading to the establishment of host-commensal mutualism. Furthermore, intestinal immune cells participate in the maintenance of a healthy microbiota community and reinforce epithelial barrier functions. Perturbations of the microbiota composition are commonly observed in patients with autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders. An understanding of the intimate interactions between the intestinal microbiota, epithelial cells, and immune cells that are crucial for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis might promote advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for various diseases.

中文翻译：

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肠道微生物群、上皮细胞和免疫细胞之间的相互作用。

胃肠道含有许多共生细菌，称为微生物群，它们通过消化膳食成分和消除病原体有益于宿主健康。肠道微生物群维持上皮屏障完整性并塑造粘膜免疫系统，平衡宿主防御和口服耐受与微生物代谢物、成分和宿主细胞的附着。为了避免异常的免疫反应，上皮细胞通过构建化学和物理屏障将肠道微生物群与免疫细胞隔离，从而建立宿主-共生共生关系。此外，肠道免疫细胞参与维持健康的微生物群落并加强上皮屏障功能。在患有自身免疫性疾病和慢性炎症性疾病的患者中，通常会观察到微生物群组成的扰动。了解对维持肠道稳态至关重要的肠道微生物群、上皮细胞和免疫细胞之间的密切相互作用，可能会促进各种疾病的诊断和治疗方法的进步。