We used data from the 2016 Nepal National Micronutrient Status Survey to evaluate factors associated with anaemia (World Health Organization cut-points using altitude- and smoking-adjusted haemoglobin [Hb]) among nationally representative samples of adolescents 10-19 years. Hb, biomarkers of micronutrients, infection and inflammation were assessed from venous blood. Sociodemographic and household characteristics, dietary diversity, pica and recent morbidity were ascertained by interview. We explored bivariate relationships between candidate predictors and anaemia among boys (N = 967) and girls (N = 1,680). Candidate predictors with P < 0.05 in bivariate analyses were included in sex-specific multivariable logistic regression models. Anaemia prevalence was 20.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] [17.1, 24.1]) among girls and 10.9% (95% CI [8.2, 13.6]) among boys. Among girls, living in the Mountain and Hill ecological zones relative to the Terai (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.28, 95% CI [0.15, 0.52] and AOR 0.42, 95% CI [0.25, 0.73], respectively), ln ferritin (μg/L) (AOR 0.53, 95% CI [0.42, 0.68]) and ln retinol binding protein (RBP) (μmol/L) (AOR 0.08, 95% CI [0.04, 0.16]) were associated with reduced anaemia odds. Older age (age in years AOR 1.19, 95% CI [1.12, 1.27]) and Janajati ethnicity relative to the Muslim ethnicity (AOR 3.04, 95% CI [1.10, 8.36]) were associated with higher anaemia odds. Among boys, ln RBP [μmol/L] (AOR 0.25, 95% CI [0.10, 0.65]) and having consumed flesh foods (AOR 0.57, 95% CI [0.33, 0.99]) were associated with lower anaemia odds. Open defecation (AOR 2.36, 95% CI [1.15, 4.84]) and ln transferrin receptor [mg/L] (AOR 3.21, 95% CI [1.25, 8.23]) were associated with increased anaemia odds. Anaemia among adolescents might be addressed through effective public health policy and programs targeting micronutrient status, diet and sanitation.

中文翻译：

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尼泊尔 10-19 岁青少年男孩和女孩贫血的相关因素。

我们使用 2016 年尼泊尔国家微量营养素状况调查的数据来评估与全国代表性 10-19 岁青少年样本中贫血相关的因素（世界卫生组织使用海拔和吸烟调整血红蛋白 [Hb] 的切点）。从静脉血中评估 Hb、微量营养素、感染和炎症的生物标志物。通过访谈确定了社会人口学和家庭特征、饮食多样性、异食癖和近期发病率。我们探讨了男孩（N = 967）和女孩（N = 1,680）中候选预测因子与贫血之间的双变量关系。双变量分析中 P < 0.05 的候选预测因子包括在性别特异性多变量逻辑回归模型中。女孩的贫血患病率为 20.6%（95% 置信区间 [CI] [17.1, 24.1]）和 10.9%（95% CI [8.2, 13. 6]）在男孩中。在相对于 Terai 生活在山区和丘陵生态区的女孩中（分别调整优势比 [AOR] 0.28, 95% CI [0.15, 0.52] 和 AOR 0.42, 95% CI [0.25, 0.73]），ln 铁蛋白(μg/L) (AOR 0.53, 95% CI [0.42, 0.68]) 和 ln 视黄醇结合蛋白 (RBP) (μmol/L) (AOR 0.08, 95% CI [0.04, 0.16]) 与贫血几率降低有关. 年龄较大（年龄 AOR 1.19, 95% CI [1.12, 1.27]）和相对于穆斯林种族的 Janajati 种族（AOR 3.04, 95% CI [1.10, 8.36]）与较高的贫血几率相关。在男孩中，ln RBP [μmol/L] (AOR 0.25, 95% CI [0.10, 0.65]) 和食用肉食 (AOR 0.57, 95% CI [0.33, 0.99]) 与较低的贫血几率相关。露天排便 (AOR 2.36, 95% CI [1.15, 4.84]) 和 ln 转铁蛋白受体 [mg/L] (AOR 3.21, 95% CI [1.25, 8. 23]）与贫血几率增加有关。可以通过针对微量营养素状况、饮食和卫生设施的有效公共卫生政策和计划来解决青少年贫血问题。