For the past few decades, the mechanisms of immune responses to cancer have been exploited extensively and significant attention has been given into utilizing the therapeutic potential of the immune system. Cancer immunotherapy has been established as a promising innovative treatment for many forms of cancer. Immunotherapy has gained its prominence through various strategies, including cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), adoptive T cell cancer therapy, and immune checkpoint therapy. However, the full potential of cancer immunotherapy is yet to be attained. Recent studies have identified the use of bioinformatics tools as a viable option to help transform the treatment paradigm of several tumors by providing a therapeutically efficient method of cataloging, predicting and selecting immunotherapeutic targets, which are known bottlenecks in the application of immunotherapy. Herein, we gave an insightful overview of the types of immunotherapy techniques used currently, their mechanisms of action, and discussed some bioinformatics tools and databases applied in the immunotherapy of cancer. This review also provides some future perspectives in the use of bioinformatics tools for immunotherapy.

在过去的几十年中，已经广泛地利用了对癌症的免疫应答机制，并且已经对利用免疫系统的治疗潜力给予了极大的关注。癌症免疫疗法已被确立为针对多种形式癌症的一种有希望的创新疗法。免疫疗法已通过各种策略获得了广泛的关注，包括癌症疫苗，单克隆抗体（mAb），过继性T细胞癌症治疗和免疫检查点疗法。然而，癌症免疫疗法的全部潜力尚未实现。最近的研究表明，通过提供分类，预测和选择免疫治疗靶点的治疗有效方法，可以将生物信息学工具作为一种可行的选择来帮助转变几种肿瘤的治疗方法，这是免疫疗法应用中的已知瓶颈。在此，我们对当前使用的免疫治疗技术的类型，其作用机理进行了深入的概述，并讨论了一些在癌症免疫治疗中应用的生物信息学工具和数据库。这篇综述还提供了使用生物信息学工具进行免疫治疗的一些未来观点。