Most studies on the regulation of speed and trajectory during ellipse drawing have used visual feedback. We used online auditory feedback (sonification) to induce implicit movement changes independently from vision. The sound was produced by filtering a pink noise with a band-pass filter proportional to movement speed. The first experiment was performed in 2D. Healthy participants were asked to repetitively draw ellipses during 45 s trials whilst maintaining a constant sonification pattern (involving pitch variations during the cycle). Perturbations were produced by modifying the slope of the mapping without informing the participants. All participants adapted spontaneously their speed: they went faster if the slope decreased and slower if it increased. Higher velocities were achieved by increasing both the frequency of the movements and the perimeter of the ellipses, but slower velocities were achieved mainly by decreasing the perimeter of the ellipses. The shape and the orientation of the ellipses were not significantly altered. The analysis of the speed-curvature power law parameters showed consistent modulations of the speed gain factor, while the exponent remained stable. The second experiment was performed in 3D and showed similar results, except that the main orientation of the ellipse also varied with the changes in speed. In conclusion, this study demonstrated implicit modulation of movement speed by sonification and robust stability of the ellipse geometry. Participants appeared to limit the decrease in movement frequency during slowing down to maintain a rhythmic and not discrete motor regimen.

中文翻译：

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通过超声处理对椭圆绘图的调制。

椭圆绘制过程中有关速度和轨迹调节的大多数研究都使用视觉反馈。我们使用在线听觉反馈（共鸣）来独立于视觉诱发隐式运动变化。通过使用与移动速度成比例的带通滤波器滤除粉红噪声来产生声音。第一个实验以2D模式进行。健康参与者被要求在45 s试验期间重复画椭圆，同时保持恒定的声波模式（在周期中涉及音高变化）。通过在不通知参与者的情况下修改映射的斜率来产生扰动。所有参与者都自然地适应了自己的速度：如果坡度减小，他们会更快，如果坡度增加，他们会慢。通过增加运动的频率和椭圆的周长可以实现较高的速度，但是主要通过减小椭圆的周长可以实现较慢的速度。椭圆的形状和方向没有明显改变。速度曲率幂律参数的分析表明，速度增益因子的调制是一致的，而指数保持稳定。第二个实验是在3D模式下进行的，结果相似，只是椭圆的主要方向也随速度的变化而变化。总而言之，这项研究表明通过椭圆形的超声和鲁棒的稳定性来隐式调节运动速度。