Because the human brain is considerably larger than those of other primates, it is not surprising that its energy requirements would far exceed that of any of the species within the order. Recently, the development of stem cell technologies and single‐cell transcriptomics provides novel ways to address the question of what specific genomic changes underlie the human brain's unique phenotype. In this review, we consider what is currently known about human brain metabolism using a variety of methods from brain imaging and stereology to transcriptomics. Next, we examine novel opportunities that stem cell technologies and single‐cell transcriptomics provide to further our knowledge of human brain energetics. These new experimental approaches provide the ability to elucidate the functional effects of changes in genetic sequence and expression levels that potentially had a profound impact on the evolution of the human brain.

中文翻译：

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人类大脑进化中的代谢变化。

由于人类的大脑比其他灵长类动物的大脑大得多，因此其能量需求将远远超过该阶中任何物种的能量需求不足为奇。最近，干细胞技术和单细胞转录组学的发展提供了新颖的方法来解决人类大脑独特表型所基于的特定基因组变化。在这篇综述中，我们考虑了目前使用各种方法从人脑成像，体视学到转录组学对人脑代谢的了解。接下来，我们研究了干细胞技术和单细胞转录组学为进一步了解人类大脑能量学提供的新机遇。