In case of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, the increased prominence of multidrug-resistance strains has become the greatest challenge in the urinary tract disease treatment. Therefore, the 16S rRNA sequencing of multidrug-resistant strains was performed, in addition to those of plasmids and genes responsible for multidrug resistance. These strains showed containing responsible genes Sulfonamides sul 1, Tetracycline Tet (A), Tetracycline Tet (B), chloramphenicol cat A1, β-lactams bla SHV, and cml A. Also, the strains demonstrated resistance to at least 10 types of antibiotics or more due to carrying various plasmids. For increasing the level of public health in daily life and treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria, the nanomedicine was employed. Consequently, ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs-E) were synthesized by employing supernatant of Escherichia hermannii strain isolated from raw milk source. The E . hermannii strain produces high concentration of ZnONPs-E compared to other strains so we used it in this study. This ZnONPs-E has a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from the concentration 10 μg/ml to 40 μg/ml against E. coli and K. pneumoniae , respectively. The antimicrobial efficiency of ZnONPs-E was 40 µg/ml and it was superior to the reported values in literature. Moreover, SEM results evident for distorted membrane morphology, blebbing of membrane, cell elongation, and leakage of cellular contents due to ZnONPs-E activity against tested bacteria. These results indicated that the ZnONPs-E exhibited interesting antimicrobial activity against pathogenic extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) strains. The present study revealed that the active components entered in biosynthesis of ZnONPs-E pave the way to lead its effective nano-medical and drug delivery applications.

中文翻译：

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ZnO 纳米颗粒的生物合成及其作为抗多药病原体抗菌剂的潜在用途

在大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌感染的情况下，多药耐药菌株的显着增加已成为泌尿系统疾病治疗的最大挑战。因此，除了负责多药耐药性的质粒和基因测序外，还对多药耐药菌株进行了 16S rRNA 测序。这些菌株显示含有负责基因 Sulfonamides sul 1、四环素 Tet (A)、四环素 Tet (B)、氯霉素 cat A1、β-内酰胺类 bla SHV 和 cml A。此外，这些菌株对至少 10 种抗生素或更多是因为携带了各种质粒。为了提高日常生活中的公共卫生水平和治疗多重耐药菌，纳米药物被采用。最后，ZnO 纳米颗粒 (ZnONPs-E) 是通过使用从原料奶源中分离的埃希氏菌菌株的上清液合成的。E 。与其他菌株相比，hermannii 菌株产生高浓度的 ZnONPs-E，因此我们在本研究中使用了它。该 ZnONPs-E 对大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的最小抑制浓度 (MIC) 范围分别为 10 μg/ml 至 40 μg/ml。ZnONPs-E 的抗菌效率为 40 µg/ml，优于文献报道的值。此外，由于 ZnONPs-E 对测试细菌的活性，SEM 结果表明膜形态扭曲、膜起泡、细胞伸长和细胞内容物泄漏。这些结果表明 ZnONPs-E 对致病性超广谱 β-内酰胺酶 (ESBLs) 菌株表现出有趣的抗菌活性。本研究表明，进入 ZnONPs-E 生物合成的活性成分为引领其有效的纳米医学和药物递送应用铺平了道路。