We document increased old-age mortality rates among Swedish mothers of twins compared with mothers of singletons, using administrative data on mortality for 1990–2010. We argue that twins are an unplanned shock to fertility in the cohorts of older women considered. Deaths due to lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and heart attacks—all of which are associated with stress during the life course—are significantly increased. Stratifying the sample by education and pension income shows the highest increase in mortality rates among highly educated mothers and those with above-median pension income. These results are consistent with the existence of a double burden on mothers’ health resulting from simultaneously child-rearing and working.

中文翻译：

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双重麻烦：抚养孩子和从事孕产妇死亡率的负担。

我们使用1990-2010年的死亡率管理数据，证明了瑞典双胞胎母亲的年龄死亡率比单身母亲的死亡率高。我们认为，在所考虑的老年妇女群体中，双胞胎是对生育力的计划外冲击。肺癌，慢性阻塞性肺疾病和心脏病发作所致的死亡（与生活过程中的压力有关）均大大增加。通过教育和养老金收入对样本进行分层显示，在受过高等教育的母亲和养老金收入中位数以上的母亲中，死亡率的增长率最高。这些结果与同时育儿和工作对母亲健康造成的双重负担是一致的。