Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results in gut microbiota alteration and this is associated with immune activation and chronic inflammation. The gastrointestinal tract is a primary site of viral replication and thus HIV-induced loss of T-helper (Th) cells in the gut causes impairments in intestinal barriers, resulting in disruptions in intestinal immunity and precipitating into gut dysbiosis. Here, we show that late HIV diagnosis can negatively affect the immunological, virological, and clinical prognosis of the patients with its higher implication at an older age. Further, the review indicates that antiretroviral therapy affects the gut microbiota. We discussed the use of probiotics and prebiotics that have been indicated to play a promising role in reversing gut microbiota alteration in HIV patients. Though there are several studies reported with regard to such alterations in gut microbiota regarding HIV infection, there is a need to provide comprehensive updates. It is, therefore, the objective of this review to present most recently available evidence on the alteration of gut microbiota among HIV patients.

中文翻译：

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肠道微生物群改变的回顾：艾滋病毒感染和老年的作用。


人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染会导致肠道微生物群改变，这与免疫激活和慢性炎症有关。胃肠道是病毒复制的主要场所，因此 HIV 引起的肠道辅助性 T 细胞 (Th) 损失会导致肠道屏障受损，从而导致肠道免疫破坏并导致肠道菌群失调。在这里，我们表明，晚期艾滋病毒诊断会对患者的免疫学、病毒学和临床预后产生负面影响，其对老年患者的影响更大。此外，该综述表明抗逆转录病毒治疗会影响肠道微生物群。我们讨论了益生菌和益生元的使用，这些益生菌和益生元已被证明在逆转艾滋病毒患者肠道微生物群的改变方面发挥着有希望的作用。尽管有几项研究报告了有关艾滋病毒感染引起的肠道微生物群变化的研究，但仍需要提供全面的更新。因此，本次综述的目的是提供有关艾滋病毒患者肠道微生物群变化的最新可用证据。