Every year, thousands of people around the world who face unequal access to political and social power and resources lose their lives and/or livelihoods in natural hazard events. As a result, the reduction of vulnerability has become a central concern of humanitarian actors. This paper analyses the impact of humanitarian assistance on vulnerabilities in Nepal following the Gorkha earthquake on 25 April 2015. The causes and manifestations of vulnerability before and after the disaster are determined through the application of the Pressure and Release model and the adoption of a mixed-methods research approach. The findings of the study reveal that 20 months after the earthquake, humanitarian assistance had not had any long-term positive influences on the root causes of the phenomenon, and that vulnerabilities at the micro level could be resolved in part. To diminish the extent of disasters in the future, however, the fundamental reasons for the vulnerability have to be addressed better.

中文翻译：

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人道主义援助对灾后社会脆弱性的影响：对 2015 年尼泊尔地震的一些早期反思

每年，世界各地有数以千计的人面临着无法平等获得政治和社会权力及资源的机会，他们在自然灾害事件中失去生命和/或生计。因此，减少脆弱性已成为人道主义行动者的核心关注点。本文分析了人道主义援助对 2015 年 4 月 25 日廓尔喀地震后尼泊尔脆弱性的影响。通过应用压力和释放模型并采用混合-方法研究方法。研究结果表明，地震发生 20 个月后，人道主义援助并未对这一现象的根本原因产生任何长期的积极影响，微观层面的漏洞可以部分解决。然而，为了减少未来灾害的程度，必须更好地解决造成脆弱性的根本原因。