In the 60 years since the publication of The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, the Three Rs (Reduction, Refinement, Replacement) proposed by William Russell and Rex Burch have gradually been accepted throughout the world as ways of facing up to the ethical and scientific dilemmas involved in animal experimentation. However, the scale of animal use and the use of animals as models of humans has continued, seemingly almost unchallenged in much of the scientific community, despite the warnings about models, species differences and human variation spelled out in the The Principles. In this Comment, it is proposed that it is time to move away from the animal welfare focus of the Three Rs, in favour of a wider concept of humanity, which also embraces human welfare. In addition, since less than 10% of new drugs successfully pass from preclinical testing, which is highly reliant on animal procedures, to acceptance for clinical use, it is argued that the aim should not be to directly replace animal testing with non-animal methods with similar aims and which produce similar results, but to take advantage of developments in cell and molecular biology and in computer science, to devise new, different, appropriate, specific and intelligent stand-alone preclinical testing strategies that are applicable to particular human situations.

中文翻译：

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是时候重新考虑人道实验技术的原则了

《人道实验技术原理》出版60年来，威廉·罗素和雷克斯·伯奇提出的三个R（减少、细化、替换）作为直面伦理和科学困境的方式逐渐被全世界接受参与动物实验。然而，尽管《原则》中对模型、物种差异和人类变异提出了警告，但动物使用的规模和将动物用作人类模型的规模仍在继续，在许多科学界似乎几乎没有受到挑战。在本评论中，建议是时候摆脱三 R 的动物福利重点，转而支持更广泛的人性概念，其中也包括人类福利。此外，