Background: We determined whether maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) in guinea pigs leading to fetal growth restriction (FGR) impacts markers for brain hypoxia and oxidative stress. Methods: Guinea pigs were fed ad libitum (control) or 70% of the control diet before pregnancy, switching to 90% at mid-pregnancy (MNR). Near term, hypoxyprobe-1 (HP-1) was injected into pregnant sows. Fetuses were then necropsied and brain tissues were processed for HP-1 (hypoxia marker) and 4HNE, 8-OHdG, and 3-nitrotyrosine (oxidative stress markers) immunoreactivity (IR). Results: FGR-MNR fetal and brain weights were decreased 38 and 12%, respectively, with brain/fetal weights thereby increased 45% as a measure of brain sparing, and more so in males than females. FGR-MNR HP-1 IR was increased in most of the brain regions studied, and more so in males than females, while 4HNE and 8-OHdG IR were increased in select brain regions, but with no sex differences. Conclusions: Chronic hypoxia is likely to be an important signaling mechanism in the FGR brain, but with males showing more hypoxia than females. This may involve sex differences in adaptive decreases in growth and normalizing of oxygen, with implications for sex-specific alterations in brain development and risk for later neuropsychiatric disorder.
Dev Neurosci

中文翻译：

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豚鼠的产妇营养不良导致胎儿生长受限，缺氧细胞增多，脑部氧化应激增加。

背景：我们确定了导致胎儿生长受限（FGR）的豚鼠的母体营养限制（MNR）是否影响脑缺氧和氧化应激的标志物。方法：豚鼠在怀孕前随意喂养（对照）或对照饮食的70％，在中期妊娠（MNR）时改为90％。短期内，将hypoxyprobe-1（HP-1）注入妊娠母猪。然后对胎儿进行尸检，并对脑组织进行HP-1（缺氧标记物）和4HNE，8-OHdG和3-硝基酪氨酸（氧化应激标记物）免疫反应性（IR）处理。结果：FGR-MNR胎儿和大脑的重量分别减少了38％和12％，而脑部/胎儿的重量因此增加了45％（作为大脑保留的量度），男性比女性多。在研究的大多数大脑区域中，FGR-MNR HP-1 IR增加，而男性则比女性更多，而在选定的大脑区域中，4HNE和8-OHdG IR增加，但没有性别差异。结论：慢性缺氧可能是FGR脑中的重要信号传导机制，但男性缺氧比女性多。这可能涉及性别差异，从而适应性地减少生长和氧气正常化，这可能会影响大脑发育中的性别特异性变化以及以后发生神经精神疾病的风险。
开发人员神经科学