Embedded bio-printing has fostered significant advances toward the fabrication of soft complex tissue-like constructs, by providing a physical support that allows the freeform shape maintenance within the prescribed spatial arrangement, even under gravity force. Current supporting materials still present major drawbacks for up-scaling embedded 3D bio-printing technology towards tissue-like constructs with clinically relevant dimensions. Herein, we report a a cost-effective and widely available supporting material for embedded bio-printing consisting on a continuous pseudo-plastic matrix of xanthan-gum (XG). This natural polisaccharide exhibits peculiar rheological properties that have enabled the rapid generation of complex volumetric 3D constructs with out-of-plane features. The freedom of design within the three orthogonal axes through the independent and controlled bio-printing process opens new opportunities to produce on demand large arbitrary shapes for personalized medicine. Additionally, we have demonstrated the versatile functionality of XG as a photocurable gel reservoir to engineer perfused cell-laden hydrogel constructs, addressing other practical biomedical applications such as in vitro models and organ-on-chip platforms.

中文翻译：

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使用连续的粘弹性支撑矩阵进行自由形式的3D打印。

通过提供一种物理支撑，即使在重力作用下，也可以在规定的空间排列范围内保持自由形状的形状，嵌入式生物打印技术已经在制造复杂的软组织样结构方面取得了重大进展。当前的支持材料对于将嵌入式3D生物打印技术按比例扩大到具有临床相关尺寸的组织样构造仍存在主要缺点。在本文中，我们报告了一种成本效益高且可广泛获得的嵌入式生物打印支持材料，该材料由黄原胶（XG）构成的连续假塑性基质组成。这种天然寡糖具有独特的流变特性，可快速生成具有平面外特征的复杂体积3D结构。通过独立和受控的生物打印过程，可以在三个正交轴内自由设计，这为按需生产个性化药物的任意形状提供了新的机遇。此外，我们已经展示了XG作为光固化凝胶储库的通用功能，可以工程化灌注细胞的水凝胶结构，从而解决其他实际生物医学应用，例如体外模型和片上器官平台。