Persistent air leak (PAL) is a common problem after secondary pneumothorax due to cystic fibrosis (CF). These leaks, caused by either bronchopleural or alveolopleural fistula, are associated with higher morbidity and mortality [1]. Air leaks are traditionally treated with chronic chest tube drainage, chemical pleurodesis, or autologous blood patching in non-surgical candidates [1]. However, these strategies can increase infectious risk or pleural scarring, which are associated with poorer lung transplant surgical outcomes. Endobronchial valve (EBV) placement, while FDA-approved for use in both some surgical PALs and bronchoscopic volume reduction therapy, is one alternative option, but it could theoretically increase the risk of infection, especially in CF patients. Here, we report the case of a CF patient under evaluation for lung transplant who received EBVs for PAL after bilateral secondary spontaneous pneumothoraces.

中文翻译：

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囊性纤维化和脓胸患者持续性肺泡胸膜瘘的支气管内瓣膜治疗

持续漏气 (PAL) 是继发性气胸后因囊性纤维化 (CF) 引起的常见问题。这些由支气管胸膜瘘或肺泡胸膜瘘引起的漏气与较高的发病率和死亡率有关 [1]。传统上通过慢性胸管引流、化学胸膜固定术或非手术候选人的自体血液修补来治疗漏气[1]。然而，这些策略会增加感染风险或胸膜瘢痕形成，这与较差的肺移植手术结果有关。支气管内瓣膜 (EBV) 放置，虽然 FDA 批准用于一些外科 PAL 和支气管镜减容治疗，但它是一种替代选择，但理论上它可能会增加感染的风险，尤其是在 CF 患者中。这里，