Subjective well-being is often characterized by average stability across old age, but individual differences are substantial and not yet fully understood. This study targets physical and cognitive health and personality as individual difference characteristics and examines their unique and interactive roles for level and change in a number of different facets of subjective well-being. We make use of medical diagnoses, performance-based indicators of physical (grip strength) and cognitive functioning (Digit Symbol), and extraversion and neuroticism and apply parallel sets of multilevel growth models to multiyear well-being data obtained in the Berlin Aging Study 2 (N = 1,216; Mage = 71; SD = 3.84; 51% women) and the German Socio-Economic Panel (N = 3,418; Mage = 70; SD = 6.89; 51% women). Results revealed by and large average stability of life satisfaction, morale, and emotions (anger, fear, sadness, happiness) across old age. Most important for our research questions, higher morbidity, poor performance on grip strength and perceptual speed tests, lower extraversion, and higher neuroticism were each uniquely associated with lower life satisfaction, morale, and positive affect and higher negative affect. Some evidence emerged for facet-specific health-personality interaction effects in predicting affective experiences, but effects observed were not consistent across studies and of small size. We take our findings to indicate that health and personality traits constitute important individual difference characteristics for our understanding of subjective well-being in old age and that these likely do not interact with one another to shape well-being. We discuss theoretical and practical implications. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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老年人多个主观幸福感方面的轨迹：健康和个性的作用。

主观幸福感通常以老年人的平均稳定度为特征，但是个体差异是巨大的，尚未得到充分理解。这项研究针对身体和认知健康与人格，将其作为个体差异特征，并研究其在各种主观幸福感方面的水平和变化的独特和互动作用。我们利用医学诊断，基于性能的身体（握力）和认知功能（数字符号）指标以及外向性和神经质性，将平行的多水平增长模型集应用于柏林老龄化研究2中获得的多年幸福感数据。 （N = 1,216；法师= 71； SD = 3.84； 51％为女性）和德国社会经济专家小组（N = 3,418； Mage = 70； SD = 6.89； 51％为女性）。结果表明，老年人的生活满意度，士气和情绪（愤怒，恐惧，悲伤，幸福）的平均稳定性较高。对于我们的研究问题而言，最重要的是，发病率更高，抓地力和知觉速度测试的表现不佳，外向性降低和神经质增强都与生活满意度，士气，积极影响和消极影响分别相关。对于预测情感体验的方面特定的健康-人格互动影响，已经出现了一些证据，但是观察到的影响在各个研究中并不一致，而且规模很小。我们的发现表明，健康和人格特质构成了重要的个体差异特征，有助于我们理解老年人的主观幸福感，而这些可能不会相互影响从而影响幸福感。我们讨论了理论和实践意义。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。