Death and morbidity associated with substance use have risen continuously over the last few decades, increasing the need for rigorous examination of promising programs. Interventions attempting to change multiple behaviors have been designed to address interconnected problems such as use of both alcohol and drugs. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the efficacy of multibehavior interventions to curb nonmedical substance use in relation to the theoretical relation among different substance use behaviors. Specifically, our synthesis aimed to estimate the optimal number of recommendations for intervention efficacy and evaluate the impact of different combinations of recommendations on intervention efficacy. A synthesis of multibehavior interventions addressing nonmedical substance use was conducted to measure behavioral changes between the pretest and the follow-up. These changes were then compared across different numbers of recommendations. Sixty-nine reports and 233 effect sizes (k of conditions = 155, n = 28,295) were included. A positive linear relation was found between the number of targeted behaviors and intervention efficacy, which was stronger for drug use than alcohol use. Furthermore, recommendations on drug use worked better when paired with recommendations targeting other behaviors, whereas recommendations on alcohol use worked more independently. Lastly, multibehavior interventions were especially efficacious when delivered by experts. Overall, our synthesis indicated that targeting multiple substances is beneficial for changing drug use outcomes, but less so for alcohol use outcomes. Therefore, in the current substance use epidemic, innovative multibehavior programs appear to hold promise, especially to combat nonmedical drug use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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更多的行为建议会产生更多的变化：对减少非医疗物质使用的多行为建议的功效进行荟萃分析。

过去几十年来，与药物滥用相关的死亡和发病率持续上升，增加了对有希望的项目进行严格审查的必要性。试图改变多种行为的干预措施旨在解决相互关联的问题，例如酗酒和吸毒。这项荟萃分析旨在研究多种行为干预措施在遏制非医疗物质使用方面的有效性，以及不同物质使用行为之间的理论关系。具体来说，我们的综合旨在估计干预效果的最佳建议数量，并评估不同建议组合对干预效果的影响。对非医疗物质使用的多行为干预措施进行了综合，以测量预测试和后续测试之间的行为变化。然后将这些变化与不同数量的建议进行比较。包括 69 份报告和 233 个效应量（条件 k = 155，n = 28,295）。目标行为数量与干预效果之间存在正线性关系，吸毒的效果强于饮酒。此外，有关药物使用的建议与针对其他行为的建议结合使用时效果更好，而有关饮酒的建议则更独立。最后，由专家实施的多行为干预措施尤其有效。总体而言，我们的综合表明，针对多种物质有利于改变药物使用结果，但对酒精使用结果的影响较小。因此，在当前药物滥用流行的情况下，创新的多行为计划似乎有希望，特别是在打击非医疗药物使用方面。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。