The aim of this study was to determine the effect of avocado fruit maturity (as estimated by time of harvest during the season) on cold‐pressed oil yield. ‘Hass’ avocado fruit at six different stages of on‐tree maturity (harvested between September and April 2016/2017) were processed in a commercial cold‐pressed oil extraction plant. After destoning and grinding, the fruit pulp was malaxed for 120 min. Avocado pulp samples were examined by light microscopy, electrical conductivity, and electrical impedance spectroscopy. More intact parenchyma cells were observed by microscopy in early‐season fruit. The greatest cell disruption occurred after the grinding step as shown by electrical resistance values. The late‐season fruit were found to have higher conductivity and lower electrical resistance values which indicated more cell disruption occurred during extraction. Cell walls extracted from fruit harvested later in the season showed a higher yield of the water‐soluble polysaccharides and a lower yield of the trans‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid (CDTA)‐soluble polysaccharides. The cold‐pressed oil extraction yield (g oil/100 g fresh flesh) was found to increase with fruit maturity from 10.4 in the early season to 22.5 (g oil/100 g fresh flesh) in the late season. The extraction efficiency (cold‐pressed extraction yield/total oil content) also increased from early season (77.2%) to late season (96.6%). In conclusion, the avocado flesh cellular structure ruptured more easily in late‐season fruit suggesting of a contribution to more oil release and improved extraction yields.

中文翻译：

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果实成熟度对'Hass'鳄梨冷压榨油过程中微观结构变化和油产量的影响

这项研究的目的是确定鳄梨果实成熟度（按季节收获时间估算）对冷榨油产量的影响。在商业成熟的压榨采油厂加工了六个成熟阶段（在2016/2017年9月至2016年4月之间收获）的“哈斯”鳄梨果实。经过去毛刺和研磨后，将果肉浆糊处理120分钟。通过光学显微镜，电导率和电阻抗光谱检查鳄梨果肉样品。显微镜下观察到早季水果中更多的完整薄壁组织细胞。如电阻值所示，最大的细胞破裂发生在研磨步骤之后。季末果实被发现具有较高的电导率和较低的电阻值，这表明在提取过程中发生了更多的细胞破坏。从该季节后期收获的果实中提取的细胞壁显示出较高的水溶性多糖产量和较低的反式1,2-二氨基环己烷-N，N，N'，N'-四乙酸（CDTA）-产量可溶性多糖。随着果实成熟度的增加，冷榨油的提取产量（g油/ 100 g新鲜果肉）从季节初的10.4增加到后期的22.5（g油/ 100 g新鲜果肉）。提取效率（冷榨提取率/总油含量）也从早季（77.2％）到晚季（96.6％）有所提高。结论，