Children come to prefer fair distributions at the age of 5 to 6 years. But do they actually want to be fair, or do they want to appear fair to others? In three conditions, an experimenter initially distributed chocolates to 5-/6-year-old participants and partners they were paired with. Participants always possessed, through some means, two chocolates when the experimenter returned after a brief absence, and they had to decide whether to take an extra one for themselves. To measure the extent to which children were concerned with actually being fair versus appearing fair, two conditions were created in which children were led to believe that the experimenter did not know that the distributions had become equal. In the windfall condition, a confederate gave one additional chocolate to the participant, and in the partner condition, the partner transferred one chocolate to the participant. Compared to the control condition, participants who passed the false belief task in both of these conditions tried to appear fair in their distribution. Thus 5-/6-year-old children seem to prefer appearing fair to others regardless of the situation.

中文翻译：

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5岁和6岁的孩子会尝试公平对待他人吗？

儿童开始喜欢5到6岁的公平分配。但是他们实际上是想公平吗，还是想对他人公平？在三种情况下，一名实验人员最初将巧克力分发给5/6岁的参与者和与之配对的伴侣。当实验者短暂缺席返回时，参与者总是通过某种方式拥有两个巧克力，他们必须决定是否自己多吃一个。为了衡量孩子对实际公平与看上去公平之间的关注程度，创建了两个条件，在这些条件下，儿童被认为是实验者不知道分配已经相等。在意外的情况下，同盟者又给参与者另外加了一块巧克力，在伙伴的情况下，合作伙伴向参与者转移了一种巧克力。与控制条件相比，在这两种条件下均通过错误信念任务的参与者都试图在分配上显得公平。因此，无论情况如何，5/6岁的孩子似乎都比较喜欢公平对待别人。