Soil salinization due to sea level rise and groundwater irrigation has become an important agronomic problem in many parts of the world. Symbiosis between crop species and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may alleviate salt stress-induced detrimental effects on crop growth and yield, for example, through helping the host plant to selectively absorb potassium while avoiding uptake of excessive sodium. Here, we performed a greenhouse experiment to evaluate growth, grain yield, and salt tolerance of a Bangladeshi rice cultivar under three levels of salt stress (0, 75, and 120 mM) after inoculation with three different AMF species from three different genera (Funnelliformis mosseae (BEG12), Acaulospora laevis (BEG13), and Gigaspora margarita (BEG34)), singly and in combination. We found that under salt stress, AMF inoculation enhanced total chlorophyll concentration, shoot K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, and lowered shoot Na⁺/root Na⁺ ratio, accompanied by increased root biomass, spikelet fertility, and grain yield compared with the non-inoculated control plants. Specifically, we found that the combination of BEG13 and BEG34 increased rice yield by 125 and 143% as compared with the non-inoculated controls, at the 75 and 120mM salt levels, respectively. In general, the low AMF diversity treatments (one species or a combination of two AMF species) were found to be the most effective in mediating salt stress tolerance for the majority of the measured crop performance variables. Overall, our results indicate that specific AMF species can promote the salt tolerance and productivity of rice, likely by increasing photosynthetic efficiency and restricting Na⁺ uptake and transport from root to shoot in AMF-inoculated plants.

中文翻译：

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丛枝菌根真菌单种和多种接种对孟加拉水稻（Oryza sativa L.）品种耐盐性的影响。

由于海平面上升和地下水灌溉造成的土壤盐渍化已成为世界许多地方的重要农艺问题。作物物种与丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）之间的共生关系可以减轻盐胁迫对作物生长和产量的不利影响，例如，通过帮助宿主植物选择性吸收钾，同时避免摄入过多的钠。在这里，我们进行了温室实验，评估了三种不同属（Funnelliformis）的三种不同AMF菌种接种后，在三种盐胁迫水平（0、75和120 mM）下孟加拉水稻品种的生长，籽粒产量和耐盐性霉（BEG12），Acaulospora蟾（BEG13），和Gigaspora玛格丽塔（BEG34）），单独或组合使用。我们发现，在盐胁迫下，AMF接种可提高总叶绿素浓度，芽K ⁺ / Na ⁺比例并降低芽Na ⁺ /根Na ⁺与未接种的对照植物相比，该比例增加了根系生物量，小穗育性和籽粒产量。具体而言，我们发现BEG13和BEG34的组合分别在75mM和120mM盐水平下与未接种的对照相比使水稻产量增加了125％和143％。通常，对于大多数测得的农作物性能变量，低AMF多样性处理（一种或两种AMF的组合）被发现对调解盐胁迫的耐受性最为有效。总体而言，我们的结果表明，特定的AMF物种可以提高水稻的耐盐性和生产力，这可能是通过提高光合作用效率并限制从AMF接种的植物中从根到芽的Na ⁺吸收和运输。