Pediculosis is a prevalent ectoparasite infestation caused by lice. The head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) and body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) are obligatory parasites whose only known hosts are humans. Pediculosis is probably the most common ectoparasitic infestation, affecting up to 80% of the population in several countries, and particularly prevalent in the infant population worldwide. Several treatment options, including shampoos and creams containing insecticides, have been introduced for the treatment of pediculosis. Recently, the use of synthetic chemicals to control human lice has raised concerns pertaining to human health and the environment. Therefore, increasing efforts have been undertaken to develop effective pediculicides with low environmental toxicity and minimal environmental residual activity. In this study, we focus on the essential oils derived from 22 plant genera, their constituents, and the major factors that play important roles in the effectiveness of these oils in the treatment of pediculosis. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the mentioned essential oils, and ultimately suggest those demonstrating the most effective in vitro pediculicidal activities. The genera such as Aloysia, Cinnamomum, Eucalyptus, Eugenia, Lavandula, Melaleuca, Mentha, Myrcianthes, Origanum, Pimpinella, and Thymus appear to be more efficient against lice. These genera are rich in anethole, 1,8-cineole, cinnamaldehyde, p-cymene, eugenol, linalool, limonene, pulegone, terpinen-4-ol, and thymol compounds.

中文翻译：

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精油作为虱病的潜在治疗选择

虱病是由虱子引起的一种流行的外寄生虫感染。头虱 (Pediculus humanus capitis) 和体虱 (Pediculus humanus humanus) 是强制性寄生虫，其唯一已知宿主是人类。虱病可能是最常见的体外寄生虫感染，在几个国家影响多达 80% 的人口，尤其是在全球婴儿人口中普遍存在。几种治疗选择，包括含有杀虫剂的洗发水和乳膏，已被引入用于治疗虱病。最近，使用合成化学品控制人类虱子引起了对人类健康和环境的关注。因此，人们越来越努力地开发具有低环境毒性和最小环境残留活性的有效杀虱剂。在这项研究中，我们专注于从 22 种植物属中提取的精油、它们的成分以及在这些精油治疗虱病方面发挥重要作用的主要因素。此外，我们讨论了上述精油的优点和局限性，并最终建议那些在体外表现出最有效杀虱活性的精油。Aloysia、Cinnamomum、Eucalyptus、Eugenia、Lavandula、Melaleuca、Mentha、Myrcianthes、Origanum、Pimpinella 和 Thymus 等属似乎对虱子更有效。这些属富含茴香脑、1,8-桉树脑、肉桂醛、对伞花烃、丁香酚、芳樟醇、柠檬烯、胡薄荷酮、萜品烯-4-醇和百里酚化合物。以及在这些油在治疗虱病方面发挥重要作用的主要因素。此外，我们讨论了上述精油的优点和局限性，并最终建议那些在体外表现出最有效杀虱活性的精油。Aloysia、Cinnamomum、Eucalyptus、Eugenia、Lavandula、Melaleuca、Mentha、Myrcianthes、Origanum、Pimpinella 和 Thymus 等属似乎对虱子更有效。这些属富含茴香脑、1,8-桉树脑、肉桂醛、对伞花烃、丁香酚、芳樟醇、柠檬烯、胡薄荷酮、萜品烯-4-醇和百里酚化合物。以及在这些油在治疗虱病方面发挥重要作用的主要因素。此外，我们讨论了上述精油的优点和局限性，并最终建议那些在体外表现出最有效杀虱活性的精油。Aloysia、Cinnamomum、Eucalyptus、Eugenia、Lavandula、Melaleuca、Mentha、Myrcianthes、Origanum、Pimpinella 和 Thymus 等属似乎对虱子更有效。这些属富含茴香脑、1,8-桉树脑、肉桂醛、对伞花烃、丁香酚、芳樟醇、柠檬烯、胡薄荷酮、萜品烯-4-醇和百里酚化合物。Aloysia、Cinnamomum、Eucalyptus、Eugenia、Lavandula、Melaleuca、Mentha、Myrcianthes、Origanum、Pimpinella 和 Thymus 等属似乎对虱子更有效。这些属富含茴香脑、1,8-桉树脑、肉桂醛、对伞花烃、丁香酚、芳樟醇、柠檬烯、胡薄荷酮、萜品烯-4-醇和百里酚化合物。Aloysia、Cinnamomum、Eucalyptus、Eugenia、Lavandula、Melaleuca、Mentha、Myrcianthes、Origanum、Pimpinella 和 Thymus 等属似乎对虱子更有效。这些属富含茴香脑、1,8-桉树脑、肉桂醛、对伞花烃、丁香酚、芳樟醇、柠檬烯、胡薄荷酮、萜品烯-4-醇和百里酚化合物。