(1) Objective: Bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotic therapy is an increasingly significant worldwide challenge to human health. The objective is to evaluate whether bacteriophage therapy could complement or be a viable alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy in critical cases of bacterial infection related to cardiothoracic surgery. (2) Methods: Since September 2015, eight patients with multi-drug resistant or especially recalcitrant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli infections were treated with bacteriophage preparations as a therapy of last resort according to Article 37 of the Declaration of Helsinki. Patients had infections associated with immunosuppression after organ transplantation or had infections of vascular grafts, implanted medical devices, and surgical wounds. Individualized phage preparations were administered locally, orally, or via inhalation for different durations depending on the case. All patients remained on conventional antibiotics during bacteriophage treatment. (3) Results: Patients ranged in age from 13 to 66 years old (average 48.5 ± 16.7) with seven males and one female. Eradication of target bacteria was reached in seven of eight patients. No severe adverse side effects were observed. (4) Conclusions: Phage therapy can effectively treat bacterial infections related to cardiothoracic surgery when conventional antibiotic therapy fails.

中文翻译：

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与心胸外科手术有关的严重感染的噬菌体疗法。

（1）目的：对常规抗生素治疗的细菌耐药性是全球范围内对人类健康日益重要的挑战。目的是评估在与心胸外科手术有关的细菌感染的严重病例中，噬菌体疗法是​​否可以补充或替代常规抗生素疗法。（2）方法：自2015年9月以来，根据第37条的规定，作为最后手段，对8例具有多重耐药性或特别是顽固性的金黄色葡萄球菌，粪便肠球菌，铜绿假单胞菌，肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌感染的患者进行了治疗。赫尔辛基宣言》。患者在器官移植后出现了与免疫抑制相关的感染，或者曾感染了血管移植物，植入的医疗器械，和手术伤口。根据情况，可通过局部，口服或通过吸入方式分别施用个性化的噬菌体制剂。在噬菌体治疗期间，所有患者均继续使用常规抗生素。（3）结果：患者年龄为13至66岁（平均48.5±16.7），男7例，女1例。8例患者中有7例根除了目标细菌。没有观察到严重的不良副作用。（4）结论：当常规抗生素治疗无效时，噬菌体疗法可有效治疗与心胸外科手术有关的细菌感染。（3）结果：患者年龄为13至66岁（平均48.5±16.7），男7例，女1例。8例患者中有7例根除了目标细菌。没有观察到严重的不良副作用。（4）结论：当常规抗生素治疗无效时，噬菌体疗法可有效治疗与心胸外科手术有关的细菌感染。（3）结果：患者年龄为13至66岁（平均48.5±16.7），男7例，女1例。8例患者中有7例根除了目标细菌。没有观察到严重的不良副作用。（4）结论：当常规抗生素治疗无效时，噬菌体疗法可有效治疗与心胸外科手术有关的细菌感染。