The climate-driven species pump hypothesis has been supported in a number of phylogeographic studies of alpine species. Climate-driven shifts in distribution, coupled with rapid demographic change, have led to strong genetic drift and lineage diversification. Although the species pump has been linked to rapid speciation in a number of studies, few studies have demonstrated that ecological divergence accompanies rapid speciation. Here we examine genetic, morphological and physiological variation in members of the ground beetle taxon Nippononebria, to test three competing hypotheses of evolutionary diversification: isolation and incomplete lineage sorting (no speciation), recent speciation without ecological divergence, or recent speciation with ecological divergence into alpine habitats. Genetic data are consistent with recent divergence, with major lineages forming in the last million years. A species tree analysis, in conjunction with morphological divergence in male reproductive traits, support the formation of three recognized Nippononebria taxa. Furthermore, both morphological and physiological traits demonstrate ecological divergence in alpine lineages, with convergent shifts in body shape and thermal tolerance breadth. This provides strong evidence that the climate-driven species pump can generate ecological novelty, though it is argued that spatial scale may be a key determinant of broader patterns of macroevolution in alpine communities.

中文翻译：

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迅速形成物种并进入北美高山生境的生态多样性：夜蛾（鞘翅目：甲壳纲）物种群

气候驱动的物种泵假设已得到许多高山物种的系统地理学研究的支持。气候导致的分布变化，再加上人口的迅速变化，导致了强烈的遗传漂移和宗族多样化。尽管在许多研究中物种泵与快速物种形成有关，但很少有研究表明生态多样性伴随着快速物种形成。在这里，我们研究了地面甲虫分类群Nippononebria的遗传，形态和生理变异，以检验进化多样性的三个相互竞争的假设：孤立性和不完整的谱系分类（无物种形成），最近的物种形成而没有生态差异，或最近的物种形成而具有生态差异的高山生境。遗传数据与最近的差异一致，最近一百万年形成了主要谱系。物种树分析与雄性生殖性状的形态差异相结合，支持了三个公认的日本夜蛾的形成分类单元。此外，形态学和生理学特征均显示出高山谱系的生态差异，其体形和耐热性广度趋同。这提供了有力的证据，证明气候驱动的物种泵可以产生生态上的新颖性，尽管有人认为空间规模可能是高山群落宏观进化的主要模式的关键决定因素。