A novel direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method based on electronically controlled beam scanning leaky-wave antenna (LWA) combined with estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm is proposed. In order to implement this method, a virtual partial pattern synthesis method is presented to construct an array manifold of subarrays from LWA for the ESPRIT algorithm. Then, the multi-channel receiver model and signal subspace are established based on the beam scanning property of LWA. As the traditional array antenna is substituted by LWA, the rotation operator of the algorithm has to be changed. From this point, the preprocessing ESPRIT algorithm based on the Hadamard product is proposed to extract the directional matrix of LWA. Numerical simulations are conducted, and the DOA performance is demonstrated through estimation error, response rate, and compared with the Cramer-Rao bound. Simulation results show that the DOA method utilising LWA exhibits satisfactory estimation performance and fast response speed. In addition, the influence of antenna parameters on the estimation accuracy and the method to improve the performance of DOA estimation for LWA are discussed.

中文翻译：

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基于ESPRIT算法的电控光束扫描LWA的DOA估计方法

提出了一种基于电控波束扫描漏波天线（LWA）结合信号参数通过旋转不变技术（ESPRIT）算法的到达方向估计方法。为了实现该方法，提出了一种虚拟的部分模式合成方法，用于从LWA构造ESPRIT算法的子阵列的数组流形。然后，基于LWA的波束扫描特性，建立了多信道接收机模型和信号子空间。由于用LWA代替了传统的阵列天线，因此必须更改算法的旋转运算符。从这一点出发，提出了一种基于Hadamard积的预处理ESPRIT算法，以提取LWA的方向矩阵。进行数值模拟，通过估计误差，响应率并与Cramer-Rao界限进行比较来证明DOA性能。仿真结果表明，利用LWA的DOA方法具有令人满意的估计性能和快速的响应速度。此外，讨论了天线参数对估计精度的影响以及提高LWA DOA估计性能的方法。