The need to maximise energy efficiency (EE) for device-to-device (D2D) communication has become an urgent necessity for the fifth-generation wireless networks. In this study, the power allocation problem is considered for the cellular system underlaid with D2D users (DUs) to maximise the EE for the whole network. Firstly, the random distribution of DUs and cellular users (CUs) are described by utilising the homogeneous Poisson point process based on stochastic geometry. Secondly, successful transmission probabilities are deduced. Finally, the optimisation problem for maximising EE is formulated to determine the optimal power values for both D2D and CUs. An adaptive mesh size algorithm is suggested to solve the non-convexity of the EE optimisation problem. Simulation results prove that the suggested technique has the ability to accomplish the near-optimal EE. Furthermore, it has superior performance when compared with the related algorithms.

中文翻译：

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底层D2D通信中能效最大化的自适应网格大小（AMS）算法

对于设备到设备（D2D）通信，最大限度地提高能效（EE）的需求已成为第五代无线网络的迫切需要。在这项研究中，考虑了在D2D用户（DU）下方嵌入的蜂窝系统的功率分配问题，以使整个网络的EE最大化。首先，利用基于随机几何的齐次泊松点过程描述了DU和蜂窝用户（CU）的随机分布。其次，推论成功的传输概率。最后，制定了用于最大化EE的优化问题，以确定D2D和CU的最佳功率值。提出了一种自适应网格尺寸算法来解决EE优化问题的非凸性。仿真结果表明，所提出的技术具有完成近最佳EE的能力。此外，与相关算法相比，它具有优越的性能。