Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common chronic liver disease in the United States, affecting approximately 1 out of every 4 Americans. NAFLD is a spectrum of disorders including simple steatosis, characterized by the presence of hepatic steatosis with minimal inflammation, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by the presence of hepatic steatosis with lobular inflammation, ballooning with or without peri-sinusoidal fibrosis. NASH may lead to progressive fibrosis, and therefore, Individuals with NASH and, in particular, hepatic fibrosis are at increased risk for both liver- and cardiovascular-related outcomes compared to those with steatosis alone. New treatments for NASH and hepatic fibrosis are emerging, so now, more than ever, it is important to identify individuals with more advanced disease who may be candidates for therapy. Noninvasive methods to accurately diagnosis, risk stratify, and monitor both NASH and fibrosis are critically needed. Moreover, since clinically relevant outcomes, such as developing end stage liver disease or liver cancer, take many years to develop, reliable surrogate markers of outcome measures are needed to identify and evaluate potential therapies. In this review, we discuss methods to noninvasively diagnosis and monitor both NASH and fibrosis.

中文翻译：

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用于诊断和监测非酒精性脂肪肝的非侵入性生物标志物的进展。

非酒精性脂肪性肝病 (NAFLD) 现在是美国最常见的慢性肝病，大约每 4 个美国人中就有 1 个受到影响。NAFLD 是一系列疾病，包括单纯性脂肪变性，其特征是存在轻微炎症的肝脂肪变性，以及非酒精性脂肪性肝炎 (NASH)，其特征是存在肝脂肪变性伴小叶炎症，伴有或不伴有窦周纤维化的气球样变。NASH 可能导致进行性纤维化，因此，与单纯脂肪变性患者相比，NASH 患者，尤其是肝纤维化患者出现肝脏和心血管相关结局的风险增加。NASH 和肝纤维化的新疗法正在出现，所以现在比以往任何时候都多 确定可能适合接受治疗的病情较重的个体很重要。迫切需要准确诊断、风险分层和监测 NASH 和纤维化的无创方法。此外，由于临床相关的结果，例如发展为终末期肝病或肝癌，需要多年时间才能开发，因此需要可靠的结果指标替代指标来识别和评估潜在的治疗方法。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了无创诊断和监测 NASH 和纤维化的方法。需要可靠的结果指标替代指标来识别和评估潜在的治疗方法。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了无创诊断和监测 NASH 和纤维化的方法。需要可靠的结果指标替代指标来识别和评估潜在的治疗方法。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了无创诊断和监测 NASH 和纤维化的方法。