Abstract In an urbanizing world there is an increasing priority for making cities nature-inclusive environments. Cities offer places for human-wildlife experiences, and thus for broad societal support of biodiversity conservation. Cities also depend on ecosystem services provided by biodiversity to remain healthy, liveable places. Although biodiversity is frequently addressed in urban green infrastructure plans, it often is not an integral topic in city planning, urban design and housing development. As a result, wildlife-rich urban green is often lacking in those parts of the cities where people live and work. Here, we introduce the concept of ‘wildlife-inclusive urban design’ for the built-up area of cities that integrates animal needs into the urban planning and design process. To identify key features that determine the success of wildlife-inclusive urban design, we evaluated lessons learnt from existing best practices. These were collected during an international workshop with architects, landscape practitioners, ecological consultants, conservationists and urban ecologists. We propose that features of successful wildlife-inclusive urban design projects are: 1) interdisciplinary design teams that involve ecologists early on, 2) consideration of the entire life-cycle of target species, 3) post-occupancy monitoring and evaluation with feedback to communicate best practices, and 4) stakeholder involvement and participatory approaches. We propose how wildlife-inclusive urban design could be included into the different steps of the urban planning cycle. We conclude that following these principles will facilitate incorporation of wildlife-inclusive urban design into urban planning and design and enable urban environments where humans and animals can thrive in the built-up areas.

中文翻译：

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设计支持人与动物共存的包容野生动物的城市

摘要 在城市化的世界中，打造具有自然包容性的城市环境越来越受到重视。城市为人类与野生动物的体验提供了场所，从而为生物多样性保护提供了广泛的社会支持。城市还依赖生物多样性提供的生态系统服务来保持健康、宜居的地方。尽管城市绿色基础设施计划中经常涉及生物多样性，但它通常不是城市规划、城市设计和住房开发的一个整体主题。因此，人们生活和工作的城市地区往往缺乏野生动物丰富的城市绿地。在这里，我们为城市建成区引入“包容野生动物的城市设计”概念，将动物需求融入城市规划和设计过程。为了确定决定野生动物包容性城市设计成功的关键特征，我们评估了从现有最佳实践中吸取的经验教训。这些是在与建筑师、景观从业者、生态顾问、环保主义者和城市生态学家举行的国际研讨会期间收集的。我们建议成功的野生动物包容性城市设计项目的特点是：1) 跨学科设计团队，早期涉及生态学家，2) 考虑目标物种的整个生命周期，3) 入住后监测和评估与反馈进行交流最佳实践，以及 4) 利益相关者的参与和参与方法。我们建议如何将野生动物包容性城市设计纳入城市规划周期的不同步骤。