Immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMID) are a group of diseases that present inflammation as a major pathogenic mechanism. They affect 15% of the population and pose a heavy socio-economic burden. Despite the growing knowledge on the etiopathogenesis of these diseases and the marked improvement in their management, there is a lack of predictive markers of IMID development or severity suitable for early diagnosis and adjustment of treatment intensity. The possibility that certain circulating miRNA profiles could be used as biomarkers of risk of development and/or severity of several autoimmune diseases has fuelled the interest in using them to improve the selection of successful treatments. The multi-pronged approach proposed here sought to reveal circulating miRNAs and miRNA signatures that could act as new predictive biomarkers of IMID development and severity. Our results showed that the circulating levels of miR-19b and miR-26b were significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in IMID patients compared to controls. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that these miRNAs were suitable discriminators capable to identify an IMID, with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.85 and 0.83, respectively. In addition, we established that miR-19a and miR-143 were significantly increased in IMID patients with severe disease (p < 0.05). In summary, our findings identify two different miRNA signatures. One of them is associated with the presence of IMIDs and could lead to the development of tools for their early detection. The second signature is able to discriminate between mild and severe forms of these disorders and could be a putative tool to select patient candidates for a more intense treatment.

中文翻译：

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循环血清 miRNA 谱在评估免疫介导的炎症性疾病的潜在风险和严重程度方面的效用。

免疫介导的炎症性疾病 (IMID) 是一组以炎症为主要致病机制的疾病。它们影响了 15% 的人口，并造成了沉重的社会经济负担。尽管对这些疾病的发病机制的了解越来越多，并且在其管理方面有了显着改善，但仍缺乏适合早期诊断和调整治疗强度的 IMID 发展或严重程度的预测标志物。某些循环 miRNA 谱可用作几种自身免疫性疾病的发展风险和/或严重程度的生物标志物的可能性激发了使用它们来改进成功治疗选择的兴趣。这里提出的多管齐下的方法试图揭示循环 miRNA 和 miRNA 特征，它们可以作为 IMID 发展和严重程度的新预测生物标志物。我们的结果表明，与对照组相比，IMID 患者的 miR-19b 和 miR-26b 循环水平显着降低（p < 0.001）。此外，受试者工作特征 (ROC) 曲线分析表明，这些 miRNA 是能够识别 IMID 的合适鉴别器，曲线下面积 (AUC) 分别为 0.85 和 0.83。此外，我们确定 miR-19a 和 miR-143 在患有严重疾病的 IMID 患者中显着增加（p < 0.05）。总之，我们的发现确定了两种不同的 miRNA 特征。其中之一与 IMID 的存在有关，并可能导致开发工具以进行早期检测。第二个特征能够区分这些疾病的轻度和重度形式，并且可能是选择患者候选人进行更强烈治疗的推定工具。