Structure and function of the retina mainly rely on its fatty acid (FA) composition. Evidence from epidemiological studies and from animal experiments indicates that FA composition of the retina is influenced by the diet. Mice under chronic high-fat diet (HFD) develop metabolic syndrome, a risk factor for diabetes that is associated with structural and functional alterations of the retina. Here, we studied the impact of chronic exposure of mice to HFD on retinal FA composition. C57BL/6 J male mice were fed either a chow diet or a HFD for 11 weeks. As expected, HFD induced weight gain, adiposity, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. The retinal FA composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection. No significant change in the relative abundance of total saturated FAs (SFAs), total monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) or total polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) was observed. However, retinas of HFD-fed mice displayed decreased amounts of C24:0 (p = 0.0231), C16:1n-7 (p < 0.0001), C18:1n-7 (p < 0.0001), C20:3n-9 (p = 0.0425) and C20:3n-6 (p = 0.0008), and an increased amount of C20:2n-6 (p < 0.0001). In addition, the ratio of linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) to alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) was increased in the retinas of HFD-fed mice (15.0 ± 0.8 versus 11.8 ± 0.6 in HFD and CD, respectively, p = 0.0045). No modification in the contents of arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6, AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA) were observed. Analysis of dimethylacetals (DMA), which are residues of plasmalogens (Pls), revealed that the amount of Pls containing octadecanal-aldehydes (DMA C18:0) was significantly increased in HFD-fed mice (p = 0.0447). This increase was, at least in part, balanced by a decrease in Pls containing 7-octadecanal-aldehydes (DMA C18:1n-7) (p = 0.0007). In conclusion, HFD had an impact on the relative proportion of essential dietary fatty acids linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid that are incorporated in the retina. However, this imbalance in PUFA precursors did not alter the content of the two major retinal long-chain PUFAs, AA and DHA. HFD consumption also led to alterations in the retinal SFAs, MUFAs and Pls profiles.

中文翻译：

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高脂饮食对视网膜脂肪酸组成的影响。

视网膜的结构和功能主要取决于其脂肪酸（FA）的组成。流行病学研究和动物实验的证据表明，视网膜的FA成分受饮食的影响。长期接受高脂饮食（HFD）的小鼠会发生代谢综合征，这是糖尿病的危险因素，与视网膜的结构和功能改变有关。在这里，我们研究了小鼠长期暴露于HFD对视网膜FA成分的影响。给C57BL / 6 J雄性小鼠喂普通饮食或HFD，持续11周。正如预期的那样，HFD引起体重增加，肥胖，高血糖和血脂异常。视网膜FA组成是通过气相色谱法与火焰离子化检测相结合来确定的。总饱和脂肪酸（SFA）的相对丰度没有明显变化，观察到总单不饱和FA（MUFA）或总多不饱和FA（PUFA）。但是，由HFD喂养的小鼠的视网膜显示出C24：0（p = 0.0231），C16：1n-7（p <0.0001），C18：1n-7（p <0.0001），C20：3n-9（p = 0.0425）和C20：3n-6（p = 0.0008），以及增加的C20：2n-6（p <0.0001）。此外，在喂食HFD的小鼠的视网膜中，亚油酸（C18：2n-6）与α-亚麻酸（C18：3n-3）的比例有所增加（HFD和CD中的15.0±0.8对11.8±0.6），分别为p = 0.0045）。花生四烯酸（C20：4n-6，AA）和二十二碳六烯酸（C22：6n-3，DHA）的含量未见变化。对缩醛缩醛（Pls）残基的二甲基乙缩醛（DMA）的分析表明，在由HFD喂养的小鼠中，含有十八烷醛（DMA C18：0）的Pls的量显着增加（p = 0。0447）。这种增加至少部分地通过包含7-十八烷醛（Pl C18：1n-7）的Pls减少来平衡（p = 0.0007）。总之，HFD会影响视网膜中所必需的膳食脂肪酸亚油酸和α-亚麻酸的相对比例。但是，PUFA前体的这种不平衡并没有改变两种主要的视网膜长链PUFA，AA和DHA的含量。HFD的消耗还导致视网膜SFA，MUFA和Pls谱改变。PUFA前体的这种不平衡并没有改变两种主要的视网膜长链PUFA（AA和DHA）的含量。HFD的消费还导致视网膜SFA，MUFA和Pls谱改变。PUFA前体的这种不平衡并没有改变两种主要的视网膜长链PUFA，AA和DHA的含量。HFD的消耗还导致视网膜SFA，MUFA和Pls谱改变。