Over the last two decades the molecular phylogeny and classification of Metarhizium has been widely studied. Despite these efforts to understand this enigmatic genus, the basal lineages in Metarhizium are still poorly resolved. In this study, a phylogenetic framework is reconstructed for the Clavicipitaceae focusing on Metarhizium through increased taxon-sampling using five genomic loci (SSU, LSU, tef, rpb1, rpb2) and the barcode marker ITS rDNA. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses and morphological characterisation of green-spored entomopathogenic Metarhizium isolates from Thailand and soil isolates of M. carneum and M. marquandii reveal their ecological, genetic and species diversity. Nineteen new species are recognised in the Metarhizium clade with narrow host ranges: two new species are found in the M. anisopliae complex – M. clavatum on Coleoptera larvae and M. sulphureum on Lepidoptera larvae; four new species are found in the M. flavoviride complex – M. biotecense and M. fusoideum on brown plant hoppers (Hemiptera), M. culicidarum on mosquitoes, M. nornnoi on Lepidoptera larvae; three new species M. megapomponiae, M. cicadae, M. niveum occur on cicadas; five new species M. candelabrum, M. cercopidarum, M. ellipsoideum, M. huainamdangense M. ovoidosporum occur on planthoppers, leafhoppers and froghoppers (Hemiptera); one new species M. eburneum on Lepidoptera pupae; and four new species M. phuwiangense, M. purpureum, M. purpureonigrum, M. flavum on Coleoptera. Of these 19 new species, seven produce a sexual morph (M. clavatum, M. eburneum, M. flavum, M. phuwiangense, M. purpureonigrum, M. purpureum, and M. sulphureum) and asexual morphs are found in the remaining new species and also in M. sulphureum, M. purpureonigrum and M. purpureum. Metarhizium blattodeae, M. koreanum and M. viridulum are new records for Thailand. An alternative neotype for Metarhizium anisopliae is proposed based on multi-gene and 5′tef analyses showing that CBS 130.71 from Ukraine is more suitable, being from a much closer geographical location to Metchnikoff’s Metarhizium anisopliae. This isolate is distinct from the neotype of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae proposed by M. Tulloch from Ethiopia (ARSEF 7487). Six new genera are established for monophyletic clades subtending the core Metarhizium clade, including Keithomyces, Marquandomyces, Papiliomyces, Purpureomyces, Sungia, and Yosiokobayasia. Metarhizium carneum, M. aciculare, and M. neogunnii are combined in Keithomyces and one new combination for M. marquandii in Marquandomyces is proposed. Purpureomyces is introduced for species producing purple stromata including a new combination for M. khaoyaiense and two new species P. maesotensis and P. pyriformis. Papiliomyces contains two new combinations for M. liangshanense and Metacordyceps shibinensis. The genus Sungia is proposed for the Korean species M. yongmunense on Lepidoptera pupa and Yosiokobayasia for the Japanese species M. kusanagiense also on Lepidoptera pupa. A synoptic and dichotomous key to the accepted taxa is provided together with tables listing distinguishing morphological characters between species, host preferences, and geography.

在过去的二十年里，绿僵菌的分子系统发育和分类得到了广泛的研究。尽管为了解这个神秘的属做出了这些努力，但绿僵菌的基础谱系仍然很难解决。在这项研究中，通过使用五个基因组位点（SSU、LSU、tef、rpb1、rpb 2）和条形码标记 ITS rDNA增加分类单元采样，为以绿僵菌属为重点的锁骨菌科重建了系统发育框架。来自泰国的绿色孢子昆虫病原绿僵菌分离株和M. carneum和M. marquandii土壤分离株的多基因系统发育分析和形态学特征揭示它们的生态、遗传和物种多样性。在绿僵菌进化枝中发现了19 个新物种，宿主范围很窄：在M. anisopliae复合体中发现了两个新物种——鞘翅目幼虫上的M. clavatum和鳞翅目幼虫上的M. sulphureum；四个新的物种被发现在M. flavoviride复杂- M. biotecense和M. fusoideum棕色飞虱（半翅目），M. culicidarum上蚊子，M. nornnoi上鳞翅目幼虫; 三个新物种M. megapomponiae、M. cicadae、M. niveum出现在蝉上；5 个新种M. candelabrum、M. cercopidarum、M. ellipsoideum、M. huainamdangense M. ovoidosporum出现在飞虱、叶蝉和蛙蝉（半翅目）上；鳞翅目蛹上的一种新种M. eburneum；鞘翅目上还有四个新种M. phuwiangense、M. purpureum、M. purpureonigrum、M. flavum 。在这 19 个新物种中，有 7 个产生有性变体（M. clavatum、M. eburneum、M. flavum、M. phuwiangense、M. purpureonigrum、M. purpureum和M. sulphureum），而在剩余的新物种中发现了无性变体物种以及在M. sulphureum、M. purpureonigrum和M. purpureum。Metarhizium blattodeae、M. koreanum和M. viridulum是泰国的新记录。基于多基因和 5' tef分析提出了绿僵菌的另一种新类型，表明来自乌克兰的 CBS 130.71 更合适，因为地理位置离 Metchnikoff 的绿僵菌更近。这种分离物与绿僵菌的新类型不同。anisopliae由埃塞俄比亚的 M. Tulloch 提出（ARSEF 7487）。为核心绿僵菌进化枝的单系进化枝建立了六个新属，包括Keithomyces、Marquandomyces、Papiliomyces、Purpureomyces、Sungia和Yosiokobayasia。绿僵carneum，M. aciculare，和M. neogunnii组合在Keithomyces以及用于一个新的组合M. marquandii在Marquandomyces提出。Purpureomyces用于产生紫色基质的物种，包括M. khaoyaiense的新组合和两个新物种P. maesotensis和P. pyriformis。Papiliomyces包含两种新组合，用于M. liangshanense和Metacordyceps shibinensis。桑吉亚属拟为朝鲜种M. yongmunense对鳞翅目昆虫蛹和Yosiokobayasia为日本品种M. kusanagiense还对鳞翅目昆虫蛹。提供了公认分类群的概要和二分法关键，以及列出物种、宿主偏好和地理之间的区别形态特征的表格。