Abstract DNA as a storage medium has enormous potential because of its high storage density, but the produced redundancy limits this potential. The introduction of less error corrections to fully increase the storage density in DNA remains a major challenge. To address this, an optimized Base64 method is developed and accordingly we realized a high specific storage density of 1.77 bits/nucleotide in a DNA single strand. In this strategy, by Base64 encoding, code reshaping and balancing, and data mapping, some random text information was encoded into a DNA sequence and the corresponding DNA molecule was synthesized. It was then inserted into a circular plasmid for long-term information storage. This is also particularly suitable for information replication at an exponential rate when it is transformed in a bacterium. The introduction of balance codes during the transcoding process effectively controlled the GC content and continuous base repeat, which is important to reduce the error rates in the encoded DNA synthesis and sequencing. Moreover, the circular plasmid platform enhanced the storage stability and sequencing accuracy. Therefore, our approach achieved a robust and high efficient storage and an accurate readout of digital data.

中文翻译：

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以纳米级存储的信息：使用 Base64 在单个 DNA 链中编码数据

摘要 DNA作为存储介质具有巨大的存储密度，但其产生的冗余限制了这种潜力。引入较少的纠错以完全增加 DNA 的存储密度仍然是一个重大挑战。为了解决这个问题，开发了一种优化的 Base64 方法，因此我们在 DNA 单链中实现了 1.77 位/核苷酸的高比存储密度。在该策略中，通过Base64编码、代码整形与平衡、数据映射，将一些随机的文本信息编码成DNA序列，合成相应的DNA分子。然后将其插入环状质粒中以进行长期信息存储。这也特别适用于在细菌中转化时以指数速率复制信息。在转码过程中引入平衡码有效地控制了GC含量和连续碱基重复，这对于降低编码DNA合成和测序中的错误率具有重要意义。此外，圆形质粒平台增强了储存稳定性和测序准确性。因此，我们的方法实现了强大且高效的存储以及数字数据的准确读取。