Abstract Amphibian conservation in farming landscapes can be advanced through understanding of the social and ecological contexts. There are very few studies which combines habitat use studies on amphibians with socio-economic drivers of land use change. The goals of this study are: (i) to document the temporary pond loss in a traditional pasture due to land abandonment (period of 2009-2018 and 2019), (ii) to explore the influence of shrub encroachment on the formation of temporary ponds, (iii) to document changes in amphibian species assemblages in the temporary ponds and (iv) to explore the socio-economic and environmental drivers of abandonment. The results show a dramatic increase of shrub cover in the study area as a result of land abandonment. The formation of temporary ponds was negatively influenced by the increase of shrub cover in the vicinity of ponds. The loss of temporary ponds had significant negative influence on the amphibian species assemblages in the remaining temporary ponds. The social component of the research highlights a social-ecological feedback consisting of village depopulation, incorrect interpretation of nature protection law by officials, shrub encroachment caused by the abandonment of grazing and the loss of local’s motivations to restart traditional grazing due to the excessive shrub encroachment. A strong cooperation between farmers and conservation scientists can provide multiple benefits including conservation management of habitats, develop strategies for high nature value farming and tightening social-ecological links between locals and their pasture. We urge the implementation of holistic (social-ecological) research on amphibian conservation in traditional farming landscapes.

中文翻译：

---

牧场废弃造成的临时池塘损失：探索两栖动物的社会生态驱动因素和后果

摘要 通过了解社会和生态环境，可以推进农业景观中的两栖动物保护。很少有研究将两栖动物的栖息地利用研究与土地利用变化的社会经济驱动因素结合起来。本研究的目标是：(i) 记录传统牧场因土地废弃（2009-2018 和 2019 年期间）造成的临时池塘损失，(ii) 探讨灌木侵占对临时池塘形成的影响, (iii) 记录临时池塘中两栖动物物种组合的变化，以及 (iv) 探索废弃的社会经济和环境驱动因素。结果表明，由于土地废弃，研究区的灌木覆盖率急剧增加。临时池塘的形成受到池塘附近灌木覆盖增加的负面影响。临时池塘的减少对剩余临时池塘中的两栖动物物种组合产生了显着的负面影响。研究的社会成分突出了社会生态反馈，包括村庄人口减少、官员对自然保护法的错误解释、放弃放牧导致的灌木侵占以及由于过度的灌木侵占导致当地人失去重新开始传统放牧的动力. 农民和保护科学家之间的强有力合作可以提供多种好处，包括栖息地保护管理、制定高自然价值农业战略以及加强当地人与其牧场之间的社会生态联系。