Abstract This paper presents an experimental performance analysis based on results attained from monitoring a 9.5 kWp photovoltaic grid-connected for 3 years; from 2016 to 2018. This system is composed of three 3.2 kWp sub-systems installed on the flat roof of the Renewable Energy Development Institute (CDER) in Algeria. This plant covers electricity needs required by the lab and feeds the excess into the low voltage supply grid. This study assesses the monthly average and annual performance normalized parameters of the PV system by analyzing and evaluating reference yield, array yield, final yield, system losses, array losses, PV module efficiency, system efficiency, inverter efficiency, and performance ratio of the whole system as well as the three sub-systems by following the IEC 61724 guideline. Results show that the annual average, reference yield, array yield, and final yield, are 4.67, 3.50, 3.37 h/day respectively. While the array and system losses are 1.16 and 0.13 kWh/kWp/day respectively. Moreover, the PV module efficiency, system efficiency, inverter efficiency are 8.62%, 8.29%, and 96% respectively. These results show that the system is below acceptable performance ratio rates and thus an inspection of the system must be conducted in order to diagnose the reasons behind the system's low productivity. Our study has found that the main attributes contributing to decreased PV outputs are near shading and type of used inverter (i.e.: Transformerless Inverter). However, the system's performance is still considered satisfactory given it has been functioning for more than 14 years while achieving a performance ratio equivalent to 70%, concluding that the PV grid-connected investment is very promising in this site.

中文翻译：

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阿尔及利亚首个光伏并网系统性能分析

摘要 本文基于对9.5 kWp光伏并网3年的监测结果进行了实验性能分析；2016 年至 2018 年。该系统由三个 3.2 kWp 的子系统组成，安装在阿尔及利亚可再生能源发展研究所 (CDER) 的平屋顶上。该工厂满足实验室所需的电力需求，并将多余的电力输送到低压电网。本研究通过分析评估参考良率、阵列良率、最终良率、系统损耗、阵列损耗、光伏组件效率、系统效率、逆变器效率和整体性能比，评估光伏系统的月平均和年性能归一化参数。系统以及三个子系统遵循 IEC 61724 指南。结果表明，年平均，参考产量、阵列产量和最终产量分别为 4.67、3.50、3.37 小时/天。而阵列和系统损耗分别为 1.16 和 0.13 kWh/kWp/day。此外，光伏组件效率、系统效率、逆变器效率分别为8.62%、8.29%和96%。这些结果表明系统低于可接受的性能比率，因此必须对系统进行检查以诊断系统生产率低下的原因。我们的研究发现，导致光伏输出降低的主要因素是附近阴影和所用逆变器的类型（即：无变压器逆变器）。然而，该系统的性能仍然被认为是令人满意的，因为它已经运行了 14 年以上，同时实现了相当于 70% 的性能比，