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Immune-toxicity effects of scorpion venom on the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis during rest and activity phases in a rodent model.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C: Toxicology & Pharmacology ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-04 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108787 Fares Daachi 1 , Sonia Adi-Bessalem 1 , Amal Megdad-Lamraoui 1 , Fatima Laraba-Djebari 1
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C: Toxicology & Pharmacology ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-04 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108787 Fares Daachi 1 , Sonia Adi-Bessalem 1 , Amal Megdad-Lamraoui 1 , Fatima Laraba-Djebari 1
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Scorpion venom is a complex mixture of peptides and proteins, rich in toxins. Its toxicological effects are related to central disruptions and autonomic disturbances, organ failure, as well as an excessive systemic inflammatory response. Since the role of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is central in the neuroendocrine-immunological axis, the purpose of this study was, therefore, to examine the immunotoxic effect of Androctonus australis hector (Aah) venom on HPA-axis in synchronised-mice model. Taking into account the circadian activity of the HPA-axis, the variations of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone plasma levels, oxidative stress as well as inflammatory markers in cerebral, hypothalamic and adrenal tissue homogenates were investigated during the rest and activity phases of animals. Histopathology study was also performed. Results showed that Aah venom activated the HPA axis. This response seems to be dependent on time of envenomation, as a higher hormone levels were more operative during the active phase than in the rest phase when compared to time-matched control. The local toxicity-effects following Aah envenomation revealed an imbalance in oxidative stress with a higher antioxidant defences in darkness hypothalamic and cerebral tissues. Furthermore, there were significantly higher levels in vascular permeability in hypothalamic and cerebral tissues accompanied by a concomitant increase in immune-cell infiltration and/or activation as shown by expression of CD68 and myeloperoxidase activity during the active phase compared with the rest phase. Overall results suggested that Aah venom had a toxic impact on different HPA-axis areas and the effect varies according to the time of envenomation.
中文翻译：
在啮齿类动物模型的休息和活动阶段，蝎毒对下丘脑垂体肾上腺轴的免疫毒性作用。
蝎毒是肽和蛋白质的复杂混合物，富含毒素。其毒理作用与中枢性破坏和自主神经紊乱，器官衰竭以及过度的全身炎症反应有关。由于下丘脑垂体肾上腺（HPA）轴在神经内分泌-免疫学轴中起着中心作用，因此，本研究的目的是检查同步性于小鼠模型。考虑到HPA轴的昼夜活动性，在动物的休息和活动阶段研究了促肾上腺皮质激素和皮质酮血浆水平，脑，下丘脑和肾上腺组织匀浆中氧化应激以及炎性标志物的变化。还进行了组织病理学研究。结果表明，Aah毒液激活了HPA轴。这种反应似乎取决于毒化的时间，因为与时间匹配的对照相比，在活动期比休止期更高的激素水平更有效。Aah毒化后的局部毒性作用表明，在黑暗的下丘脑和脑组织中，氧化应激的平衡不平衡，抗氧化防御能力更高。此外，下丘脑和脑组织中的血管通透性水平显着更高，同时免疫细胞浸润和/或活化也随之增加，如活动期的CD68表达和髓过氧化物酶活性所示。
更新日期：2020-05-04
中文翻译：
在啮齿类动物模型的休息和活动阶段，蝎毒对下丘脑垂体肾上腺轴的免疫毒性作用。
蝎毒是肽和蛋白质的复杂混合物，富含毒素。其毒理作用与中枢性破坏和自主神经紊乱，器官衰竭以及过度的全身炎症反应有关。由于下丘脑垂体肾上腺（HPA）轴在神经内分泌-免疫学轴中起着中心作用，因此，本研究的目的是检查同步性于小鼠模型。考虑到HPA轴的昼夜活动性，在动物的休息和活动阶段研究了促肾上腺皮质激素和皮质酮血浆水平，脑，下丘脑和肾上腺组织匀浆中氧化应激以及炎性标志物的变化。还进行了组织病理学研究。结果表明，Aah毒液激活了HPA轴。这种反应似乎取决于毒化的时间，因为与时间匹配的对照相比，在活动期比休止期更高的激素水平更有效。Aah毒化后的局部毒性作用表明，在黑暗的下丘脑和脑组织中，氧化应激的平衡不平衡，抗氧化防御能力更高。此外，下丘脑和脑组织中的血管通透性水平显着更高，同时免疫细胞浸润和/或活化也随之增加，如活动期的CD68表达和髓过氧化物酶活性所示。
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