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Digesta passage in common eland (Taurotragus oryx) on a monocot or a dicot diet.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-05 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110720
Pavla Hejcmanová 1 , Sylvia Ortmann 2 , Lucie Stoklasová 1 , Marcus Clauss 3
Affiliation  

The way that fluids and particles move through the forestomach of a ruminant is species-specific, and can be used to classify ruminants according to their digestive physiology into 'moose-types' (with little difference in fluid and small particle passage) and 'cattle-types' (where fluids move through the forestomach much faster than small particles). So far, 'moose-types' appear limited to a dietary niche of browsing, whereas 'cattle-types' are particularly prominent in the intermediate and grazing diet niches. However, some species, including members of the spiral-horned antelopes (the Tragelaphini), have a 'cattle-type' physiology but a browse-dominated diet niche. Eland (Taurotragus oryx), the largest member of the Tragelaphini, are strict browsers in the wild but have been considered intermediate feeders in the past, and can seemingly be maintained on grass diets. We quantified food intake, mean retention time (MRT) in the gastrointestinal tract and the reticulorumen (RR) of a solute, a small and a large particle marker, and diet digestibility in six eland each fed a monocot (grass hay) and a dicot (lucerne silage) forage. Food intake and digestibility was lower on the diet with higher fibre content (grass hay), with corresponding longer MRT. At the higher intakes on lucerne, the difference in MRT between small and large particles was larger, indicating a greater reliance on particle sorting and clearance under this condition of potentially limiting gut capacity. Regardless of diet or intake, the ratio of small particle and solute MRT in the RR was constant and small, at a quotient of 1.54, classifying the eland as a typical 'moose-type' ruminant. This finding is consistent with previous literature reports on low faecal metabolic nitrogen and high apparent protein digestibility in eland. Given the relative ease at which eland can be maintained under farm husbandry conditions, they appear ideal model ruminants to study the effects of differences in rumen physiology compared to cattle.

中文翻译:

单子叶植物或双子叶植物饮食中普通大羚羊(Taurotragus oryx)的消化道。

流体和颗粒通过反刍动物前胃的方式是特定于物种的,可用于根据反刍动物的消化生理将其分为“驼鹿型”(在流体和小颗粒通过方面几乎没有差异)和“牛” -类型(流体穿过前庭的速度比小颗粒快得多)。到目前为止,“驼鹿类型”似乎仅限于浏览的饮食生态位,而“牛类”在中等和放牧饮食生态位中尤为突出。但是,某些物种,包括螺旋角羚羊(非洲羚羊)的生理形态为“牛型”,但在饮食中却占主导地位。大羚羊(非洲羚羊(Taurotragus oryx))是在野外使用的严格的浏览器,但在过去曾被认为是中间饲养者,而且看似可以在草食中使用。我们对食物摄入量,胃肠道的平均保留时间(MRT)和溶质,大小颗粒标记的网状蛋白(RR)以及六个分别饲喂单子叶植物(草皮)和双子叶植物的大羚羊的饮食消化率进行了量化(卢塞恩青贮)草料。纤维含量较高(草干草)的饮食中,食物的摄入量和消化率较低,相应的MRT较长。在卢塞恩摄入量较高时,小颗粒和大颗粒之间的MRT差异较大,这表明在这种潜在限制肠道能力的条件下,对颗粒分类和清除的依赖性更大。不管饮食或摄入量如何,RR中小颗粒和溶质MRT的比例都恒定且很小,在1.54的商中,将大羚羊归为典型的“驼鹿型”反刍动物。这一发现与以前关于粪便中代谢氮含量低和表观蛋白质消化率高的文献报道一致。考虑到在农场饲养条件下可以保持大羚羊相对容易,因此它们是理想的反刍动物模型,用于研究与牛相比的瘤胃生理差异的影响。
更新日期:2020-05-05
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