Exosomes are small lipid bilayer-enclosed 30-140 nm diameter vesicles formed from endosomes. Exosomes are secreted by various cell types including endothelial cells, immune cells and other cardiovascular tissues, and they can be detected in plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, as well as tissues. Exosomes were initially regarded as a disposal mechanism to discard unwanted materials from cells. Recent studies suggest that exosomes play an important role in mediating of intercellular communication through the delivery and transport of cellular components such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins and thus regulate cardiovascular disease. Further, the underlying mechanisms by which abnormally released exosomes promote cardiovascular disease are not well understood. This review highlights recent studies involving endothelial exosomes, gives a brief overview of exosome biogenesis and release, isolation and identification of exosomes, and provides a contemporary understanding of the endothelial exosome pathophysiology and potential therapeutic strategies.

中文翻译：

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靶向内皮外泌体以预防心血管疾病。

外泌体是由内体形成的小脂质双层包裹的直径30-140 nm的囊泡。外泌体由包括内皮细胞，免疫细胞和其他心血管组织在内的各种细胞类型分泌，可以在血浆，尿液，脑脊液以及组织中检测到。外来体最初被认为是一种丢弃细胞中不需要的物质的处理机制。最近的研究表明，外来体通过介导核酸，脂质和蛋白质等细胞成分的传递和转运在介导细胞间通讯中起重要作用，从而调节心血管疾病。此外，对异常释放的外来体促进心血管疾病的潜在机制尚不十分了解。这篇评论重点介绍了涉及内皮外泌体的最新研究，