ABSTRACT In recent years, a variety of Marchenko methods for the attenuation of internal multiples has been developed. These methods have been extensively tested on two‐dimensional synthetic data and applied to two‐dimensional field data, but only little is known about their behaviour on three‐dimensional synthetic data and three‐dimensional field data. Particularly, it is not known whether Marchenko methods are sufficiently robust for sparse acquisition geometries that are found in practice. Therefore, we start by performing a series of synthetic tests to identify the key acquisition parameters and limitations that affect the result of three‐dimensional Marchenko internal multiple prediction and subtraction using an adaptive double‐focusing method. Based on these tests, we define an interpolation strategy and use it for the field data application. Starting from a wide azimuth dense grid of sources and receivers, a series of decimation tests are performed until a narrow azimuth streamer geometry remains. We evaluate the effect of the removal of sail lines, near offsets, far offsets and outer cables on the result of the adaptive double‐focusing method. These tests show that our method is most sensitive to the limited aperture in the crossline direction and the sail line spacing when applying it to synthetic narrow azimuth streamer data. The sail line spacing can be interpolated, but the aperture in the crossline direction is a limitation of the acquisition. Next, we apply the adaptive Marchenko double‐focusing method to the narrow azimuth streamer field data from the Santos Basin, Brazil. Internal multiples are predicted and adaptively subtracted, thereby improving the geological interpretation of the target area. These results imply that our adaptive double‐focusing method is sufficiently robust for the application to three‐dimensional field data, although the key acquisition parameters and limitations will naturally differ in other geological settings and for other types of acquisition.

中文翻译：

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巴西桑托斯盆地窄方位拖缆数据的 3D Marchenko 内部多次衰减

摘要 近年来，已经开发了多种用于衰减内部多次波的 Marchenko 方法。这些方法已经在二维合成数据上进行了广泛的测试并应用于二维现场数据，但对它们在三维合成数据和三维现场数据上的行为知之甚少。特别是，不知道 Marchenko 方法对于实践中发现的稀疏采集几何是否足够稳健。因此，我们首先进行一系列综合测试，以确定影响三维马尔琴科内部多重预测和使用自适应双聚焦方法减法结果的关键采集参数和限制。基于这些测试，我们定义了一种插值策略并将其用于现场数据应用。从源和接收器的宽方位密集网格开始，执行一系列抽取测试，直到保留窄方位拖缆几何结构。我们评估了去除帆线、近偏移量、远偏移量和外缆对自适应双聚焦方法结果的影响。这些测试表明，当我们的方法应用于合成窄方位拖缆数据时，我们的方法对横向线方向的有限孔径和帆线间距最敏感。帆线间距可以插值，但横线方向的孔径是采集的限制。接下来，我们将自适应马尔琴科双聚焦方法应用于巴西桑托斯盆地的窄方位拖缆场数据。内部倍数被预测并自适应地减去，从而改善目标区的地质解释。这些结果意味着我们的自适应双聚焦方法对于三维现场数据的应用是足够稳健的，尽管关键的采集参数和限制在其他地质环境和其他类型的采集中自然会有所不同。